人口老龄化对要素收入分配的影响研究——理论与经验证据

The Impact of Population Ageing on Factor Income Distribution:Theoretical and Empirical Evidence

通过构建理论模型刻画人口老龄化与要素收入分配之间的关系。在此基础上,对人口老龄化的要素收入分配效应及其作用机制展开实证检验。研究发现,人口老龄化显著提高了资本收入份额、降低了劳动收入份额,扩大了中国要素收入分配不平等。进一步的机制分析表明,人口老龄化通过促进资本深化,并在资本—劳动互为替代关系的情形下加剧了要素收入分配失衡。研究结论能够为响应积极应对人口老龄化国家战略和改善要素收入分配结构提供理论依据和决策支撑。

By constructing a theoretical model,this paper described the relationship between population ageing and factor income distribution,and then empirically tested the effect of population ageing on factor income distribution and the mechanisms of action.The study finds that population ageing significantly increases the share of capital income and reduces the share of labor income,which intensifies the inequality of factor income distribution in China.Further mechanism analysis indicates that population ageing intensifies factor income distribution imbalance by promoting capital deepening in the context of capital-labor substitution.The research conclusions provide theoretical support and policy reference for China to actively respond to population ageing and optimize the income distribution structure.