维生素B_(6)的生理活性与合成的研究进展

Advances in Physiological Activities and Synthesis of Vitamin B_(6)

维生素B_(6)(vitamin B_(6),VB_(6))属于水溶性维生素,由六种可相互转换的吡啶类化合物组成:吡哆醇(pyridoxine,PN)、吡哆醛(pyridoxal,PL)、吡哆胺(pyridoxamine,PM)、磷酸吡哆醛(pyridoxal 5′-phosphate,PLP)、磷酸吡哆醇(pyridoxine 5′-phosphate,PNP)和磷酸吡哆胺(pyridoxamine 5′-phosphate,PMP)。其中,PLP是VB_(6)的生物活性形式,为180多种酶的辅因子。VB_(6)具有抗炎、抗氧化、神经调节和抗肿瘤等多种生理功能,是重要的营养化学品。吡哆醇盐酸盐(PN·HCl)利用昂贵且有毒的化学物质通过噁唑法完全合成,是VB_(6)目前最常见的商业形式。与化学合成相比,VB_(6)的生物合成在无毒性、高纯度和可持续性等方面具有显著优势。目前利用微生物细胞工厂高水平生产VB_(6)的尝试还处于起步阶段,随着对VB_(6)生物合成的代谢途径、关键酶和稳态调控的深入研究,生物合成的VB_(6)产量将会逐步提高,有望从根本上取代化学合成。对VB_(6)的生理功能、化学合成和生物合成进行总结,重点介绍生物合成中涉及的代谢途径与稳态调控,提出开发VB_(6)高产菌株的相关策略,以期为VB_(6)的高效生物合成提供参考。

Vitamin B_(6)(VB_(6))is a water-soluble vitamin,composed of six transformable pyridine compounds:pyridoxine(PN),pyridoxal(PL),pyridoxamine(PM),pyridoxal 5'-phosphate(PLP),pyridoxine 5'-phosphate(PNP)and pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate(PMP).PLP is the bioactive form of VB_(6),and is the cofactor of over 180 enzymes.VB_(6)is an important dietary chemical with several physiological functions such as anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,neuromodulatory,and anti-tumor.Pyridoxine hydrochloride is currently the most common commercial form of VB_(6),which is fully synthesized using expensive and toxic chemicals via the oxazole method.Compared with chemical synthesis,the biosynthesis of VB_(6)has significant advantages in terms of non-toxicity,high purity,and sustainability,and has great potential for application.Although high-level production of VB_(6)by microbial cell factories is still in its infancy,in-depth research on the metabolic pathways,key enzymes and homeostatic regulation of VB_(6)biosynthesis will gradually increase the yield of VB_(6),and it is expected to fundamentally replace chemical synthesis.This article mainly reviews the physiological functions,chemical synthesis,and biosynthesis of VB_(6),focusing on the metabolic pathways and homeostatic regulation involved in biosynthesis.It proposes relevant strategies for the development of high-yielding VB_(6)strains,with the aim of exploring the potential of VB_(6)biosynthesis and providing a reference for the efficient biosynthesis of VB_(6).