2016—2022年新疆大气污染物时空分布特征

Spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of air pollutants in Xinjiang from 2016 to 2022

目的分析2016—2022年新疆可吸入颗粒物(inhalable particle,PM_(10))、细颗粒物(fine particle,PM_(2.5))、NO_(2)、SO、CO和O_(3)的时空分布特征,为新疆大气污染防治、环保策略制定等方面提供参考。方法收集整理2016—2022年国控点监测数据,分析新疆各污染物年均、月均及各区域分布特征。结果新疆近7年空气质量整体向好,PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、SO_(2)、NO_(2)和CO年均浓度整体呈下降趋势,降幅分别为20.04%、24.57%、50.15%、22.56%和33.68%,O_(3)年均浓度无明显变化。PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、SO_(2)、NO_(2)和CO月均浓度呈“U”型分布,表现为春冬季高、夏季低,O_(3)呈月均浓度呈倒“U”型分布,表现为夏季高、冬季低。PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)达标天数呈上升趋势,而O_(3)达标天数呈下降趋势。新疆各污染物浓度分布具有明显的南北差异性,南疆PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、SO_(2)、CO和O_(3)浓度高于东疆和北疆,呈现由南向北递减的格局,而NO_(2)高浓度集中在北疆乌鲁木齐市。结论2016—2022年新疆空气质量逐渐改善,但仍存在PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)和O_(3)日均浓度超标现象,今后新疆应重点关注大气颗粒物和O_(3)污染协同控制和区域协同治理。

Objective To analyze the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of inhalable particle(PM_(10)),fine particle(PM_(2.5)),NO_(2),SO_(2),CO and O_(3)in Xinjiang from 2016 to 2022,and to provide reference for air pollution prevention and environmental protection strategy formulation in Xinjiang.Methods The national air quality monitoring sites data in Xinjiang from 2016 to 2022 were collected,and the annual,monthly and regional distribution characteristics of the various pollutants were analyzed.Results Ambient air quality in Xinjiang has been improving over the past seven years.The average annual concentrations of PM_(10),PM_(2.5),SO_(2),NO_(2)and CO have shown a downward trend,with declines of 20.04%,24.57%,50.15%,22.56%and 33.68%,respectively.The average annual concentration of O_(3)was not significantly changed.The monthly average concentrations of PM_(10),PM_(2.5),SO_(2),NO_(2)and CO were in the form of"U",with higher concentrations in spring and winter than in summer.And the monthly average concentration of O_(3)showed an inverted"U"distribution,with higher concentrations in summer than in winter.Days with PM_(10)and PM_(2.5)reaching the standard showed an increased trend,whereas day with O_(3)reaching the standard showed a declined trend.The concentration distribution of various pollutants in Xinjiang showed significant north-south differences.The average annual concentrations of PM_(10),PM_(2.5),SO_(2),CO and O_(3)in southern Xinjiang were higher than those in eastern and northern Xinjiang,showing a pattern of decreasing from south to north.The average annual concentration of NO_(2)was the highest in Urumqi,northern Xinjiang.Conclusion Air quality of Xinjiang has improved year by year in 2016-2022,but the phenomenon of PM_(10),PM_(2.5)and O_(3)exceeding the standard still exists.In the future,Xinjiang should focus on the synchronous control of particulate matter and O_(3),as well as regional coordinated governance.