可重复使用热防护材料研究进展

Reusable Thermal Protection Materials:A Review

具有轻量化、耐高温、高抗损伤、重复使用、易于维护等性能的热防护材料是空天往返飞行器的关键材料,影响飞行器的先进性、可靠性、维护性和经济性。本文针对可重复使用飞行器机身大面积、头锥、翼前缘以及控制面等部位所需的热防护材料,综述了刚性隔热瓦、柔性隔热毡、抗氧化C/C、C/SiC、TUFROC等可重复使用热防护材料的发展历史、研究现状及在飞行器上的应用情况。总结了高温服役过程中典型热防护材料的损伤及性能衰减行为,并提出以材料损伤为基础,研究材料的可重复使用性能及寿命预测方法。最后,提出研制高性能可重复使用热防护材料、发展热防护材料可重复使用理论方法与标准、建立可重复使用热防护材料数据库是该领域今后需要重点关注的方向。

Reusable thermal protection materials with lightweight,high temperature resistance,high damage resistance,reuse,easy maintenance and other properties are key materials for air space shuttle aircraft,which affect the progressiveness,reliability,maintainability and economy of aircraft.This paper reviews the development history,research status and applications of several typical thermal protection materials,such as rigid ceramic tile,flexible insulation blanket,anti-oxidation C/C,C/SiC,TUFROC and etc.,which are widely used on fuselage,nose cap,leading edge and control surfaces of various aerospace vehicles.The damage and performance degradation behavior of typical thermal protection materials during high-temperature service is summarized,and a method for studying the reusable performance and life prediction of materials based on material damage is proposed.Finally,it is proposed that the development of high-performance and reusable thermal protection materials,the development of theoretical methods and standards for the reuse of thermal protection materials,and the establishment of a database of reusable thermal protection materials are the key directions that need to be focused on in this field in the future.