重复使用运载火箭机构电涡流阻尼技术应用及思考

Application and Thought of Eddy Current Damping Technolgy in Reusable Launch Vehicle Mechanism

重复使用航天运载器是航天运输系统发展的重点目标之一,机构技术是运载火箭多功能化、可复用化发展的重要支撑,其减震缓冲功能对阻尼机构有着广泛的需求。电涡流阻尼是一种基于电磁感应原理的非接触式的阻尼产生方式,具有无磨损、无漏液、性能稳定、可靠性高、维护性好、便于长期贮存等优势,并且是一种电涡流阻尼原理的速度型阻尼机构,在车辆制动、建筑减振等工程领域中应用广泛。本文对永磁体电涡流阻尼器的基础原理进行了阐述,按直线式、轴向旋转和径向旋转进行分类,并分析了应用的材料类型。研究了重复使用运载火箭在展开缓冲、抑振隔振、冲击缓冲、主动控制等方面对阻尼机构的需求,详细分析了电涡流阻尼技术在运载火箭机构设计领域的应用现状和发展前景。

Reusable launch vehicle is one of the key goals for the development of space transportation systems.Mechanism technology is an important support for the multifunctional and reusable development of launch vehicles,and its damping and buffering functions have a wide demand for damping mechanisms.Eddy current damper is a non-contact damping generation method base on the eddy current principle,which has the advantage such as no wear,no leakage,stable performance,high reliability,good maintenance,and easy long-term storage.And it is a velocity type damping mechanism based on the principle of eddy current damping,which wildly used in vehicle breaking,building damping and other engineering fields.The basic principle of permanent magnet eddy current dampers is elaborated,which are classified into linear type,axial rotational type and radial rotational type,and the types of materials used are analyzed.The requirements of damping mechanisms for reusable launch vehicles in terms of deployment buffering,vibration suppression,impact buffering,and active control are elaborated.The application status and development prospect of eddy current damping technology in the field of launch vehicle mechanism design are analyzed.