濒危药用植物独脚金群落结构特征及物种多样性

Community Structural Characteristics and Species Diversity of Endangered Medicinal Plant Striga asiatica

目的:掌握半寄生植物独脚金的群落结构特征,为独脚金野生资源保护以及合理有序利用夯实基础。方法:分别在广东惠州、福建龙岩、江西赣州等独脚金分布区域设置样地,采用样地调查法对不同分布点进行调查,分析其群落的种群组成、结构特征和物种多样性。结果:不同样地共涉及31科56属61种植物。独脚金群落类型可分为6个类别,其中马唐在各群落中的重要值总和最大,达106.3%,为典型的优势物种。各群落物种丰富度(S)、Simpson指数(D)和Shannon-Wiener指数(H′)变化趋势基本相似,但多样性系统中的物种均匀度Pielou指数(E)则有所不同。结论:独脚金喜温暖湿润气候,喜光照,喜分布在开阔平整的荒草地,其伴生植物主要为草本类植物,群落中寄主生长旺盛则有利于独脚金的生长发育。建议加大独脚金野生资源保护力度,深入研究人工栽培独脚金的关键技术,从根本上改善独脚金资源短缺的现状。

Objective:To study the community structure characteristics of the hemiparasitic plant Striga asiatica,so as to provide a foundation for the protection and rational and orderly utilization of wild resources of Striga asiatica.Methods:Sample plots were set up in Guangdong Huizhou,Fujian Longyan and Jiangxi Ganzhou.The sample plot investigation method was used to investigate different distribution points,the community composition,structural characteristics and species diversity were analyzed.Results:A total of 31 families,56 genera and 61 species of plants were involved.There were 6 types of the community,among which Matang was the dominant species with the highest total value(106.3%).The species richness(S),Simpson index(D)and Shannon-Wiener index(H′)were similar in all communities,but the species evenness Pielou index(E)was different.Conclusion:The Striga asiatica likes warm and humid climate,enjoys light,and likes to distribute in open and flat grassland.Its associated plants are mainly herbaceous plants,and vigorous host growth in the community is conducive to the growth and development of Striga asiatica.It is suggested to strengthen the protection of wild resources of Striga asiatica,and deeply study the key technologies of artificial cultivation of Striga asiatica,so as to fundamentally improve the current situation of shortage of Striga asiatica resources.