清代医家梁廉夫辨治小儿痘证经验探析

An Analysis of the Experiences in Diagnosing and Treating Pediatric Smallpox by the Qing Dynasty Physician Liang Lianfu

清代医家梁廉夫在辨治小儿痘证方面有其独到之处。梁氏认为小儿痘证乃体内胎毒受时邪侵入触动而发;辨治时强调需辨痘与伤寒之别,辨气病血病,辨表里寒热。在治疗痘证方面,提出了三宜三忌:宜细察虚实,忌妄投医药;宜益气补血,忌克伐气血;宜健脾益肾,忌清热败毒。本文通过研究其著作《不知医必要》,浅析梁氏辨治小儿痘证的学术经验,以期为现代临床诊疗提供参考。

In the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric smallpox,physician Liang Lianfu in the Qing Dynasty had unique insights.Liang believed that pediatric smallpox arised due to the activation of congenital endogenous toxins within the body when invaded by pathogenic factors of the time.When formulating treatments,he emphasized the importance of distinguishing smallpox from typhoid fever,discerning between qi and blood disorders,and identify⁃ing exterior and interior conditions as well as cold and heat patterns.In the management of smallpox,Liang pro⁃posed three principles to adhere to and three to avoid:it is advisable to meticulously observe the state of deficien⁃cy and excess,and to refrain from haphazardly administering medications;to support qi and nourish blood,rather than impairing them;and to invigorate the spleen and tonify the kidneys instead of using purgative or detoxifying methods.This paper explores Liang′s academic experience in diagnosing and treating pediatric smallpox through a study of his work Necessary knowledge for those unacquainted with medicine,aiming to provide reference for mod⁃ern clinical practice.