论郑玄《毛诗谱》的结构形式及其成因

On the Structural Form of Zheng Xuan's Mao Shi Pu and Its Causes

《毛诗谱》是郑玄晚年的《诗》学著作,其结构呈现为系于政教的双层形式,即显性的风、雅、颂层和隐性的空间层。风、雅、颂层是以政教为单一核心的可逆体系。空间层包含风目空间和颂目空间,前者以政教为尺度,呈以周、召为中心坐标,“广万里”的三层结构。后者以和周王室血缘的远近为尺度,呈以周王室为中心,以周鲁宋三国之域为地域范围的三层结构。究其成因,除《诗经》固有分类与标目情况的限制外,郑玄“天道成于三”的谶纬思想、“存二王之后”的三统观念、三层次的宇宙观及三重天下体制的社会现实等因素影响了《诗谱》结构的三重架构,而郑玄以政教思想与尊君思想为内核的政治哲学决定了《诗谱》结构的划分标准。

Mao Shi Pu(《毛诗谱》),a research work on the Book of Songs written by Zheng Xuan in his later years,was constructed as a two-tiered form which tied to politics and religion,namely,an explicit tier of feng,ya,song(风、雅、颂)and an implicit tier of space.The tier of feng,ya,song takes politics and religion as its core and forms a reversible system.The tier of space consists of the space of feng mu(风目)and the space of song mu(颂目),both of them shows a three-layered structure,the former takes politics and religion as its scale and presents a spacious(guang wan li;"广万里")space that takes Zhou and Shao(周,召)as its central point;while the latter takes the blood relationship with the Zhou royal family as the scale and corresponds the three layers with the territorial scope of Zhou,Lu and Song respectively.Besides the limitations of the original classification and catalogue of the the Book of Songs,the causes of this structural form is also related to Zheng Xuan's thought of Confucian divination(chen wei;纬)such as"the way of heaven is completed in three(tian dao cheng yu san;天道成于三)",the concept of the Three Dynasties(san tong;三统)such as"keeping the lineage of the Two Families(cun er wang zhi hou;存二王之后)",as well as the three-tiered cosmology and the reality of the three-tiered social system.Zheng Xuan's political philosophy,which was based on the idea of political indoctrination and the idea of worshiping the emperor(zun jun;尊君),determined the standard of divisionof MaoShiPu.