春秋时期的贵族“出奔”与早期国家政治控制

On the"Chu Ben"of Nobles in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Political Control of the Early Nation

出奔事件大量出现于春秋时期,与当时国家结构变迁和国家权力体系变化密不可分。王权衰微,周室控制能力下降,一体化国家结构逐步解体,各邦国纷纷独立发展,形成了有利于出奔的政治真空地带;血缘政治的弊端凸显、各国君权下移,无法规范贵族政治参与行为,经常引发全局性的政治动荡,以致出奔连绵不断。到了战国时期,列国兼并加剧,独立政治实体减少,出奔者的选择空间大幅限缩;各邦国权力体系全面加强,统治集团内部的政治冲突保持在相对可控的状态,引发出奔的诱因也大为消解,出奔频次降低。出奔现象的盛行和式微,正与早期国家结构和权力体系的阶段性发展特征相对应。

During the Spring and Autumn Period,chu ben(flee away from one's homeland;出奔)arose frequently among nobility.This phenomena was closely related to the transition of national structure and national power system.The authority and control force of the royal family,Zhou,kept waning,while the unified nation structure started to disintegrate and vassal states began to develop independently one by another.Thus created a political vacuum which fostered chu ben.The defect of kinship politics emerged and the weakening of vassals'regime made it impossible to normalize the political participation of nobility.This situation often caused full-scale political unrest,which led to the prevalence of chu ben.Until the Warring States Period,due to frequent annexation among states,the amount of independent political entities reduced a lot.To nobles who prepare to leave,the number of options was reduced.Meanwhile,power system in each vassal states has been comprehensively strengthened,interior political conflicts were maintained at a relatively controllable level,which decreased the inducement of chu ben.All these transitions led to the decline of chu ben.The prevalence and decline of chu ben correspond to the characteristics of early national structure and national power system.