明清西南少数民族跳月习俗的汉文书写及其意涵

On the Writing and Implication of the Southwest Minorities'Tiao Yue Custom in Ming and Qing Dynasties'Chinese Literature

跳月是明清西南少数民族最具代表性的婚俗,其主要意义为“自相择配”,同时与节庆、娱乐密切相关,具有鲜明的异域文化特质,引发官方与民间文人的高度关注。他们以史志、杂记、诗歌等文体为依托,创作了大量反映跳月习俗的篇章,在表露自身思想情感的同时,也为拓展汉文书写的题材领域,促进不同族群、地域的文化交流做出不可忽视的贡献。这些书写总体呈现由“史”向“文”的转向,其创作意涵也由“变夷为夏”的政教目标,更多转向对西南少数民族文化的认同和欣赏。在他们的渲染下,跳月成为当时及后世人们的西南想象中最亮丽的一道人文景观。

Among the southwest minorities in Ming and Qing Dynasties,tiao yue(跳月)was the most representative wedding custom,which allowed people to choose spouse on their own wish.With its closely relevance to festivals and entertainment,as well as distinctive exotic cultural characteristics,the custom has attracted high attention from both official and folk liferati.Relying on literary forms like historical records,miscellaneous notes,poems and so on,they created a large number of literature that reflected the custom of tiao yue.These works have,not only revealed their thoughts and feelings,but also made significant contributions to the extension of the subject field of Chinese writing,and promoted cultural exchanges between different ethnic groups and regions.Generally,these writings showed a shift from"history"to"literature",and their implication also changed from the anxiety of"turning minorities into Xia(变夷为夏)"more towards the identification and appreciation of the minority cultures in Southwest China.Under their rendering,tiao yue became the most beautiful cultural landscape in people's imagination of southwest from then on.