增温对植物叶片和细根氧化损伤与防御特征及其相互关联影响的研究进展

Effects of warming on oxidative damage and defense characteristics and their correlation in leaf and fine root of plants:a review

叶片和细根是植物地上和地下部分中最敏感和活跃的部分,对森林生态系统的碳循环起着十分重要的作用。叶片和细根生理代谢特征及其相互关联的变化不仅反映植物在全球变暖背景下的生长状况,也揭示了植物面对环境胁迫的响应特征和适应策略,已经成为全球变化领域研究的热点和难点问题。国内外已开展了大量相关实验,从氧化损伤、抗氧化防御及代谢物的角度探讨了全球变暖条件下植物叶片和细根生理代谢的变化特征和响应机制。目前部分研究认为大气增温将促进叶片体内活性氧类物质的积累,对叶片产生氧化损伤,而对细根的损伤作用不明显,但也有部分研究认为细根受土壤增温的影响更大。总之,植物叶片和细根如何通过调整自身生理代谢特征和器官间的相互协作来响应气候变暖,以及这些响应的内在机制仍未得到充分研究。为此,该文系统综述了全球变暖背景下植物叶片和细根氧化损伤与抗氧化防御特征及其相互关联变化的研究进展,以期为植物对全球变暖的响应和适应机制研究提供参考,并认为今后还应开展以下几个方面的研究:(1)在种群和群落尺度上加强增温对植物氧化损伤与防御特征的研究;(2)结合地上地下物候特征研究增温对植物氧化损伤与防御特征的影响;(3)从更多植物生理指标间的关联着手深入分析植物氧化损伤与防御特征对增温的响应;(4)加强植物地上和地下器官的关联和季节差异研究。

The leaves and fine roots are the most sensitive and active parts of the above-and below-ground parts of plants,respectively,and they play a very important role in the carbon cycle of the forest ecosystem.The physiological and metabolic characteristics of leaves and fine roots,and their interrelated changes not only reflect the growth status of plants under the background of global warming,but also reveal the response characteristics and adaptation strategies of plants to environmental stress.Their changes have become one of the hotspots and difficulties in the field of global change.A large number of experiments has been carried out domestically and abroad to investigate the change characteristics and response mechanisms in physiological metabolism and of plant leaves and fine roots under global warming conditions from the perspectives of oxidative damage,antioxidant defense and metabolites.At present,some studies found that atmospheric warming will promote the accumulation of active oxygen species in leaves and caused oxidative damage to leaves,while the damage to fine roots is not obvious.But some other studies also showed that fine roots are more affected by soil warming.In summary,how plant leaves and fine roots will respond to climate warming by adjusting their physiological and metabolic characteristics and the interaction between organs and the internal mechanism of these responses have not been fully studied.So,this study systematically reviewed the research progress on the oxidative damage and antioxidant defense characteristics of plant leaves and fine roots under the background of global warming and their interrelated changes,with a view to providing a reference for the research on the response and adaptation mechanism of plants to global warming,and suggest that the following aspects should be carried out in the future:(1)more study on oxidative damage and defense characteristics of plants by warming at population and community scales;(2)combined above-and below-ground phenological characteristics to study the effect of warming on oxidative damage and defense characteristics of plants;(3)deeply analysis on the response of plant oxidative damage and defense characteristics to warming from the correlation between more plant physiological indicators;(4)more concern on the correlation between above-and below-ground of plants,and their seasonal differences.