益生菌治疗癫痫的研究进展

Research Progress of probiotics in the treatment of Epilepsy

癫痫是一种常见的神经系统疾病,该疾病可损害患者的认知功能、影响心理健康,给家庭社会带来巨大负担,根据2023年世界卫生组织统计,全球约有5 000万癫痫患者,我国癫痫患者的患病率为4‰~7‰,其中约有600万为活动性癫痫患者,该人群数量还在持续增加,但癫痫的病因和病理机制仍然知之甚少。抗癫痫发作药物控制癫痫发作效果有限,仍需寻找更多新的安全、有效的方法来治疗癫痫。随着微生物研究的深入,很多研究发现相对于健康人群,癫痫患者的肠道微生物群组成有较大不同。根据癫痫患者肠道微生物群测序的研究分析,癫痫患者其肠道微生物群中拟杆菌门和变形杆菌门丰度较正常人群有明显降低。很多相关临床研究发现采取生酮饮食、口服益生菌、抗生素或粪便微生物区系移植均可通过使肠道微生物群正常化来有效的控制癫痫的发作。上述的种种研究提示提示着肠道微生物群和癫痫发作之间或许存在某种联系,认识到肠道微生物可对中枢神经系统产生影响,于是许多研究者便提出了肠-脑轴的相关概念。因此肠道微生物群在癫痫中的作用渐渐被重视,近期部分临床研究证实通过补充益生菌可以有效的减少癫痫发作,且能改善癫痫的共患病,这或许可成为治疗癫痫的一种新方法。

Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder that affect patients'cognitive function and their mental health,imposing a huge burden on families and society.There are approximately 50 million epilepsy patients worldwide,with a prevalence rate of 4%o~7%o in China,including about 6 million active epilepsy patients.Although scientists have been devoted to the research and exploration of epilepsy,the causes and pathological mechanisms of epilepsy are still poorly understood.The effectiveness of anti-seizure drugs is limited,and more effective methods is needed.With the deepening of microbiological research,many studies have found significant differences in the composition of the intestinal microbiota of epilepsy patients compared to healthy individuals.Analysis of the intestinal microbiota of epilepsy patients through sequencing has shown significantly lower abundances of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes compared to the normal population.Many related clinical studies have found that adopting a ketogenic diet,taking probiotics orally,using antibiotics,or fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)can effectively control epilepsy by normalizing the intestinal microbiota.Various studies suggest a possible connection between the intestinal microbiota and epilepsy,recognizing that the intestinal microbiota can have an impact on the central nervous system.As a result,gut-brain axisis gradually recognized by scientists.Therefore,the role of the intestinal microbiota in epilepsy is gradually being recognized,and recent clinical studies have confirmed that supplementing probiotics can effectively reduce seizure frequency and improve comorbidities,which may become a new method for treating epilepsy.