基于IDBO-KELM的汽车零部件激光熔覆几何形貌预测建模方法研究

Research on the Modeling Method for Predicting the Geometric Shape of Automotive Parts Using IDBO-KELM-Based Laser Cladding

激光熔覆作为一种环境友好和可靠的技术,广泛应用于汽车零部件的表面硬化和受损修复。结合试错法和田口方法设计激光熔覆实验,探究45~#钢表面激光熔覆316L合金粉末的成形工艺参数。以激光功率、扫描速度、送粉速度为激光熔覆可变工艺参数,利用多策略融合的改进蜣螂优化算法优化核极限学习机超参数,基于优化后的核极限学习机分别建立激光熔覆过程评价指标(宽高比、稀释率)的回归预测代理模型,决定系数分别为0.973 5和0.975 9,平均绝对百分比误差分别为0.007 7%和0.061 2%。利用田口方法进行析因分析,激光熔覆工艺参数对稀释率的影响排序为:激光功率(P)>送粉速度(F)>扫描速度(V),宽高比的影响排序为:送粉速度(F)>扫描速度(V)>激光功率(P)。实验结果表明了所提方法的准确性,可以获得理想的熔覆层宽高比和稀释率回归预测模型,为熔覆层的质量控制提供理论依据。

As an environmentally friendly and reliable technology,laser cladding is widely used for surface hardening and damage repair of automotive parts.Combining the trial-and-error method and Taguchi method,we designed laser melting experiments to investigate the forming process parameters of laser melting 316Lalloy powder on the surface of 45#steel.Laser power,scanning speed,and powder feeding speed served as variable parameters,while the dung-beetle optimization algorithm with multi-strategy fusion was employed to optimize hyper-parameters of the kernel-limit learning machine.Regression prediction models for evaluation indices of the laser cladding process(width-to-height ratio and dilution rate)were established,achieving coefficients of determination of 0.9735and 0.9759,with average absolute percentage errors of 0.0077%and 0.0612%,respectively.Using Taguchi's method for analyzing the causal analysis,the effects of laser cladding process parameters on the dilution rate were ranked as follows:laser power(P)>powder feeding speed(F)>scanning speed(V),and the effects of aspect ratio were ranked as follows:powder feeding speed(F)>scanning speed(V)>laser power(P).The experimental results show the accuracy of the proposed method,and the ideal regression prediction model of the aspect ratio and dilution rate of cladding layer can be obtained,which can provide a theoretical basis for the quality control of cladding layer.