从能吏书写以考察《汉书》之成篇与成书

Examining the Compilation and Composition of “Han Shu” Through the Example of Capable Officials' Writings

在前汉循吏、酷吏之间尚存一类人物谓之能吏,而《汉书》关于三辅郡守代表人物之传记,可称之为能吏书写,此篇既融汇刘向、扬雄以至班固之史家叙事,又有各种观念在其中产生交集,其间史料之来源以及由观念而产生的对于传主的褒贬等,都可以从中辨析其缘由,直至该篇的张敞书写,真正确立了史学本体在史书传记中的地位,而就此篇可观透过史书复杂的成篇过程恰也展现了人性的复杂和丰富。

In the early Han Dynasty,amidst the prevalence of both virtuous and harsh officials,there existed a category known as capable officials.The biographies of county administrators of three levels in the“Book of Han”(Han Shu) can be regarded as representations of capable officials,which integrate narrative techniques from historians such as Liu Xiang,Yang Xiong and Ban Gu.These biographies also serve as a convergence point for various ideologies,allowing for the analysis of sources and the evaluation of protagonists based on their respective perspectives.Zhang Chang's writing in this regard firmly establishes the position of historiography within the genre of historical biography.Through the intricate process of composing historical texts,the complexity and richness of human nature are vividly portrayed.