2013—2020年吉林省乳与乳制品微生物污染调查分析

Analysis on microbial contamination of milk and dairy products in Jilin Province from 2013 to 2020

目的掌握吉林省各地区乳与乳制品中微生物污染状况,为吉林省乳制品行业的安全监管提供参考依据。方法采集吉林省9个地区863份样本,分别依据GB 4789.30—2016、GB 4789.10—2016、GB 4789.14—2014、GB 4789.40—2016、GB 4789.4—2016、GB 4789.3—2016、GB 4789.2—2022、GB4789.15—2016等标准对5种致病菌和4种卫生指示指标进行检测和分析。结果食源性致病菌共检出阳性菌株154株,总体检出率为17.84%;检出率较高的为蜡样芽孢杆菌(24.04%)和金黄色葡萄球菌(2.23%);菌落总数、大肠菌群、霉菌和酵母计数的总合格率分别为96.82%、91.88%、92.98%;污染主要来自小吃店,其次是快餐店、集体食堂、超市和便利店/零售店;巴氏杀菌乳、乳粉和发酵乳的合格率较低。logistics回归分析结果显示相较于2013年,2015—2020年样本受污染的风险均有显著降低(P<0.001)。结论吉林省乳与乳制品存在不同程度的微生物污染,建议食品安全监管部门加强重点场所、重点类别的监督管理,保障乳品安全。

Objective To master the microbial contamination status of milk and dairy products in Jilin Province,and to provide the reference for the safety supervision and management of milk and dairy industry in Jilin Province.Methods A total of 863 samples were collected from 9 regions in Jilin Province.Five kinds of food-borne pathogenic bacteria and four kinds of hygienic indicator bacteria were detected and analyzed according to GB 4789.Results A total of 154 positive strains of food-borne pathogens were detected,the overall detection rate was 17.84%.Bacillus cereus(24.04%)and Staphylococcus aureus(2.23%)had higher detection rates.The total qualified rates of total bacterial count,coliform,mold and yeast were 96.82%,91.88%and 92.98%,respectively.The contamination was mainly from snack shops,followed by fast food restaurants,group canteens,supermarkets and convenience/retail stores.The qualified rates of pasteurized milk,emulsifiable powder and fermented milk were lower.Logistic regression analysis showed that compared with 2013,the con⁃tamination risk of sample from 2015 to 2020 was significantly reduced(P<0.001).Conclusion There are different degrees of microbial contamination in milk and dairy products in Jilin Province.It is suggested that the food safety supervision au⁃thorities should strengthen the supervision and management of key places and categories to ensure the safety of dairy prod⁃ucts.