长沙地区退休老年人日常活动对认知功能的影响

The influence of Daily Activities on cognitive function of Retired people in Changsha

目的探讨长沙地区退休老年人日常活动对认知功能的影响。方法招募2021年1—10月参加我院社区义诊退休人员为研究对象(年龄≥60岁),共调查325例老年人,对其进行简易精神状态评价量表(MMSE)、阿森斯睡眠量表及自制问卷调查,多因素logistic回归分析认知功能的影响因素。结果本研究共收集有效问卷304份,其中认知正常组180人,认知障碍组124人,认知评分分别为(25.77±2.08)、(18.86±3.74);对两组间的一般资料、睡眠情况、日常活动进行比较,多因素回归分析显示,退休前从事脑力工作(aOR=2.105,95%CI:1.040~4.262)、受教育程度高(OR=0.416,95%CI:0.182~0.950)、与亲戚朋友联系(OR=0.205,95%CI:0.080~0.529)、养植物宠物(OR=0.264,95%CI:0.124~0.563)、照顾孙辈(OR=0.325,95%CI:0.158~0.665)是认知障碍的保护因素(均P<0.05)。结论应鼓励老年人积极参加有益的社区活动,重视社会关系在退休人员中发挥的作用,以减缓认知障碍的发生。

Objective To investigate the impact of daily activities on cognitive function in retired elderly people in Changsha.Methods A study was conducted on retired individuals aged 60 years or older who participated in our hospital's community free clinic from January 2021 to October 2021.A total of 325 elderly people were surveyed.After obtaining their informed consent,they were evaluated in a relatively quiet environment using the Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE),the Athens Insomnia Scale,and a self-made questionnaire.Multifactorial logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors influencing cognitive function.Results A total of 304 valid questionnaires were collected,consisting of 180 individuals in the normal cognition group and 124 in the cognitive impairment group.The cognition scores for the two groups were(25.77±2.08)and(18.86±3.74),respectively.Comparisons were made between the two groups in terms of general information,sleep conditions,and daily activities.Multifactorial regression analysis revealed that engaging in labor before retirement(OR,2.105;95%CI:1.040-4.262)higher education levels(OR,0.416;95%CI:0.182-0.950),maintaining contact with relatives and friends(OR,0.205;95%CI:0.080-0.529),nurturing plants or pets(OR,0.264;95%CI:0.124-0.563),and caring for grandchildren(OR,0.325;95%CI:0.158-0.665)were identified as protective factors against cognitive impairment(P<0.05).Conclusions Encouraging active participation of elderly individuals in beneficial community activities is crucial,while also emphasizing the importance of social relationships among retired individuals to mitigate the onset of cognitive impairment.