农户规模化经营与粮食生产外包服务转型——兼论区内服务替代跨区服务的理论逻辑

Scaled Farmer Management and Transformation of Outsourced Grain Production Services:A Discussion on the Theoretical Logic of Replacing Inter-Regional Services with Intra-Regional Services

近年来,中国粮食生产跨区服务逐渐萎缩而“双规模”(转入土地规模化种植的同时提供区内规模化外包服务)经营形式日益可见。在比较两类服务形式规模经济差异的基础上,分析中国粮食生产外包服务供给转型的理论逻辑,并利用来自吉林、江苏、四川3省504个外包服务组织的专题调研数据,检验农户规模化经营对不同形式外包服务作业成本、收益的差异化影响。研究结果表明:区内服务替代跨区服务是当前外包服务供给转型的基本趋势,以地块集中连片和家庭经营总面积扩大为表征的农户规模化经营是外包服务由跨区向区内转变的重要原因;从内在机制来看,农户规模化经营虽然对区内服务和跨区服务均有降本增效作用,但区内服务的边际收益程度高于跨区服务。需要进一步强化地块集中连片质量,提高外包服务发展支持政策调整的灵活度,打破地域观念的束缚以增进区域间的交流与合作,全方面为外包服务转型提供政策支持。

In recent years,the cross regional services of China's grain production is continuously shrinking,and the"dual scale"(providing intra-regional scaled outsourcing services while transferring to large-scale cultivation of land)operation style is increasingly visible.On the basis of comparing the differences in economies of scale between two types of service forms,this paper analyzes the theoretical logic of China's grain production outsourcing service supply transformation,and uses thematic research data from 504 outsourcing service organizations in Jilin,Jiangsu and Sichuan,provinces to test the differential impact of large-scale operation of farmers on the cost and benefits of different forms of outsourcing services.The research results indicate that the substitution of intra-regional services for inter-regional services is a fundamental trend in the present transition of outsourcing service supply.The large-scale operation of farmers,characterized by concentrated and contiguous plots of land and the expansion of the total area of household operations,is an important reason for the transformation of outsourcing services from cross regional to intra regional.From the perspective of the internal mechanisms,although large-scale operation of farmers has a cost reducing and efficiency increasing effect on both intra-regional and inter-regional services,the marginal benefits of intra-regional services are higher than those of inter-regional services.Therefore,policy support should be provided for the transformation of outsourcing services from three aspects:further strengthening the quality of concentrated land parcels,improving the flexibility of policy adjustments to support the development of outsourcing services,and breaking the constraints of regional concepts to enhance regional exchanges and cooperation.