河南省焦作市托幼儿童家长手足口病认知及EV71疫苗接种态度影响因素分析

Analysis on influencing factors of cognition of hand,foot and mouth disease and attitude towards EV71 vaccine among parents of nursery children in Jiaozuo city,Henan province

目的了解河南省3~6岁幼托儿童家长对手足口病及肠道病毒71型疫苗的认知及接种态度情况,分析其影响因素。方法2023年3—4月在焦作市随机抽取2所托幼机构,采用自编式问卷对所有3~6岁儿童家长开展调查,收集家长基本信息、手足口病认知情况及EV71疫苗接种态度等信息,采用logistic回归对家长手足口病认知水平和EV71疫苗接种态度的影响因素进行分析。结果共有1077名家长提交了有效问卷,手足口病知识知晓率为79.3%,50.6%的家长愿意给儿童接种EV71疫苗。logistic回归分析显示,从事医学相关职业和高文化程度的家长手足口病知识知晓率更高。以其他职业为参照,家长从事医学相关职业OR值(95%CI)为6.784(1.638~28.093);家长文化程度以初中及以下为参照,高中/中专/大专OR值(95%CI)为2.257(1.392~3.658),本科及以上OR值(95%CI)为4.206(2.401~7.371)。中班儿童家长与小班相比更不愿意给孩子接种EV71疫苗[OR值(95%CI)为0.519(0.383~0.702)]。低年龄、家庭儿童数量为1名、知晓手足口病知识的家长更愿意给孩子接种EV71疫苗:以家长年龄≥40岁为参照,<30岁组OR值(95%CI)为2.556(1.533~4.261),30~<40岁组OR值(95%CI)为1.813(1.259~2.611);以家庭儿童数量≥2名为参照,家庭儿童数量为1名OR值(95%CI)为1.623(1.225~2.152);以不知晓手足口病知识为参照,知晓手足口病知识OR值(95%CI)为5.240(3.653~7.516)。结论应加大对非医学相关职业、低学历、中大班儿童、高年龄、家庭儿童较多家长的宣传力度,提升手足口病防控知识知晓水平,提高EV71疫苗了解程度,树立疫苗接种的信心。

Objective To investigate the cognition of hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD)and attitude towards Enterovirus type71(EV71)vaccine among parents of nursery children aged 3-6 in Henan province,and analyze their influencing factors.Methods From March to April 2023,2 kindergartens were randomly selected in Jiaozuo city,and all parents were investigated with self-designed questionnaires to collect the basic information,HFMD cognition and attitude towards EV71 of children's parents.Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of parent's cognitive level and attitude towards vaccination.Results Aboat 1077 parents submited valid questionnaires,the awareness rate of HFMD knowledge was 79.3%,and 50.6%of parents were willing to accept EV71 vaccine.Logistic regression analysis showed that parents who engage in medical related occupations or have a higher education level had a higher awareness rate of HFMD knowledge.Taking other occupations as reference,parents who engage in medical related occupations OR(95%CI):6.784(1.638-28.093);taking junior secondary and below as reference,level high school/vocational school/college OR(95%CI):2.257(1.392-3.658),bachelor's degree or above OR(95%CI):4.206(2.401-7.371).Middle class children's parents were less willing to accept EV71 vaccine than small class children's parents[OR(95%CI):0.519(0.383-0.702)].Parents who were younger age,one-child family,higher cognition level of HFMD were more willing to accept EV71 vaccine.Taking≥40 years old as reference,<30 years old OR(95%CI):2.556(1.533-4.261),30-<40 years old OR(95%CI):1.813(1.259-2.611);taking the number of children in the family≥2 as reference,one-child family OR(95%CI):1.623(1.225-2.152),and taking don't know the knowledge of HFMD as reference,knowing the knowledge of HFMD OR(95%CI):5.240(3.653-7.516).Conclusions The publicity and education should be strengthened for parents with non-medical related occupations,low education,middle and senior class children,senior age,and more children in the family so as to improve the knowledge level of HFMD prevention and control,enhance the understanding of EV71 vaccine,and establish confidence in vaccination.