浙江温州地区海产品中石油烃的含量分析及膳食风险评估

Occurrence and dietary risk assessment of petroleum hydrocarbons in seafood from Wenzhou,Zhejiang Province

目的掌握浙江温州地区海产品中石油烃的污染状况及其对人群膳食暴露影响。方法采集2022年浙江温州地区30个品种217批次海产品,取各样品可食部分,经组织匀质后,经6mol/L氢氧化钠溶液40℃恒温振荡皂化6 h、二氯甲烷萃取、旋转蒸发浓缩至干、脱芳石油醚复溶,取上清液采用分子荧光仪测定其石油烃含量。采用单因子指数法和商值法分别评价其污染程度和膳食暴露健康风险。结果所有海产品均存在不同程度的石油烃检出(范围1.06~26.60mg/kg,均值9.73mg/kg),其中13.4%的样品中石油烃含量超出NY5073—2006《无公害食品水产品中有毒有害物质限量》中规定的限值,分别为缢蛏、泥蚶、馒头蟹。总体上检出浓度依次排序,养殖贝类>海捕头足类>海捕蟹>海捕虾>海捕鱼>养殖藻类。所测海产品石油烃危害商在0.01226~0.30760之间,均小于1,致癌风险指数范围为4.9×10^(-7)~7.6×10^(-5),小于1×10^(-4),其中养殖贝类中缢蛏、泥蚶、贻贝的危害商和致癌风险指数相对较高。结论浙江温州地区海产品中石油烃的健康风险较低,但应密切关注长期或大量食用缢蛏、泥蚶、贻贝带来的不利影响。

Objective To investigate the occurrence of petroleum hydrocarbons in seafood samples in Wenzhou,Zhejiang Province and assesse their implations for huaman exposure.Methods Two hundred and seventeen samples of thirty species were collected from Wenzhou,Zhejiang Province in 2022.The edible portions of each sample were homogenized and saponified by 6 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution at 40℃for shaking 6 h,and then extracted with dichloromethane.The extracts were concentrated to dry by rotating evaporation,and then reconstituted with dearomatic petroleum ether.The supernatant was taken for molecular fluorometer analysis.The pollutuon levels and potential health risks were estimated by single factor index method and quotient method,repectively.Results The results showed that petroleum hydrocarbons were detected in all seafood samples to varying degrees(the ranges were 1.06–26.60 mg/kg,with an average of 9.73 mg/kg),and percentage of 13.4%samples exceeded the standard NY 5073—2006 Non-polluted food limits of toxic and hazardous substances in aquatic products,which were Sinonovacula constricta,Tegillarca granosa,and Calappa.Generally,the concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons were in the order of cultured shellfish>marine cephalopods>marine crabs>marine shrimp>marine fish>cultured algae.The hazard quotient values of petroleum hydrocarbons in measured seafood samples ranged from 0.01226 to 0.30760,less than 1,and the carcinogenic risk index ranged from 4.9×10^(-7)to 7.6×10^(-5),less than 1×10^(-4).Among the cultured shellfish,the hazard quotient values and the carcinogenic risk index of Sinonovacula constricta,Tegillarca granosa,and Mytilus edulis were relatively high.Conclusion The health risk of petroleum hydrocarbons in seafood from Wenzhou,Zhejiang Province is relatively low,but the adverse effects of long-term or large consumption of Sinonovacula constricta,Tegillarca granosa,and Mytilus edulis should be paid close attention.