2018一2022年新疆巴州结核病流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis in Bazhou of Xinjiang from 2018 to 2022

目的 了解2018一2022年新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州(简称巴州)结核病流行病学特征,为进一步制定有效的防治措施提供科学依据。方法 从中国疾病预防控制信息系统的子系统结核病管理信息系统中获得结核病病例的基本信息,运用描述流行病学方法分析2018一2022年巴州的结核病流行特征。结果 2018—2022年巴州年平均报告发病率为65.54/10万,整体呈逐年下降趋势(趋势χ^(2)=2447.585,P<0.001);共报告1993例病原学阳性病例,整体呈逐年上升趋势(趋势χ^(2)=453.205,P<0.001),病例来源为直接就诊(趋势χ^(2)=24.790)和健康体检(趋势χ^(2)=286.547),不同来源病例构成呈逐年下降趋势(P<0.001),来源为追踪的病例占比整体呈逐年上升趋势(趋势χ^(2)=303.875,P<0.001),病例治疗类型以初治为主,复治病例占比整体呈逐年下降趋势(趋势χ^(2)=51.852,P<0.001),男女病例性别比为1.64:1(3057:1867),报告发病率男性高于女性,发病人群以中老年为主,病例的职业以农民、离退人员和学生为主,每年3一6月和11月至次年春节前后呈现两个结核病报告例数的高峰期,轮台县、且末县、和静县累计报告发病率位居巴州的前三位。结论 巴州结核病发病率整体呈逐年下降趋势,但仍旧需要加强男性、老年人、农民等群体的防治工作,早日实现终止结核病的目标。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis(TB)in Bayinguoleng Mongolia Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang(Bazhou for short)from 2018 to 2022,and provide scientific basis for further formulating effective prevention and control measures.Methods The basic information of TB cases was obtained from the Tuberculosis Management Information System of China Disease Prevention and Control Information System,and the epidemiological characteristics of TB were analyzed with descriptive epidemiological methods in Bazhou from 2018 to 2022.Results From 2018 to 2022,the average annual reported incidence rate was 65.54/100000 in Bazhou,and showed decreasing trend year by year(trend χ^(2)=2447.585,P<0.001).There were 1993 etiological positive cases reported,with increasing trend year by year(trend χ^(2)=453.205,P<0.001).The proportion of the cases from seeing doctor in clinics and hospitals(trend χ^(2)=24.790)and health examination(trend χ^(2)=286.547)showed decreasing trend year by year(P<0.001),and the proportion of the cases from cases tracking showed increasing trend as the year(trend χ^(2)=303.875,P<0.001).Initial treatment was the main in treatment types,and the proportion of retreatment showed decreasing trend as the year(trend χ^(2)=51.852,P<0.001).The ratio of the male cases to the female cases was 1.64:1(3057:1867).The reported incidence rate of the male was higher than that of the female.The majority of cases were middle-aged and old.Farmer,retired personnel and student were the main occupations.The cases report showed two peaks every year during March to June,and November to the Spring Festival of the following year.The cumulative reported incidence rate of Luntai county,Qiemo county,and Hejing county ranked the top three in Bazhou.Conclusions The overall incidence of TB in Bazhou shows decreasing trend as the year.The prevention and control work still need to be strengthened in the male,elderly population and farmers in order to achieve the goal of early ending the epidemic of TB.