恩格斯晚年对俄国村社问题的文化补写

Engels'Cultural Supplement to the Problem of Russian Village Society in His Later Years

1883年马克思逝世之后,恩格斯继续进行着他们共同的事业。在关注俄国村社和俄国革命发展前途的同时,恩格斯结合发展变化了的时代环境,对俄国村社问题进行了新的文化补写。一方面对马克思提出的“跨越”理论进行补充和完善,其中包含了对俄国村社制度的进一步解读和对俄国资本主义工业模式的深刻洞见;另一方面,恩格斯根据历史唯物主义的基本原理,对俄国民粹派沉迷于农村公社“独特性”的现象以及诸多的错误观点进行了批判,并在此基础上明确揭示了俄国社会发展的前途和命运。可以认为,恩格斯晚年的这一思考探本不仅是对历史唯物主义原理的科学验证,更是体现了对科学社会主义原则的坚守和对具体策略的灵活性把握。

After the death of Marx in 1883,Engels continued their common cause.While paying attention to the development prospects of Russian village communities and the development of the Russian revolution,Engels combined the changing era environment and provided new cultural additions to the issue of Russian village communities.On the one hand,he supplemented and improved Marx's"leapfrog"theory,which includes a further interpretation of the Russian village system and profound insights into the path of Russian industrial capitalism;On the other hand,Engels criticized the phenomenon of Russian populists indulging in the"uniqueness"of rural communes and many erroneous viewpoints based on the basic principles of historical materialism,and on this basis,he clearly revealed the future and destiny of Russian social development.It can be considered that Engels'reflections of this thought in his later years were not only a scientific verification of the principles of historical materialism,but also a manifestation of his adherence to the principles of scientific socialism and his flexible grasp of specific strategies.