中国特有野生酿酒葡萄的群体基因组学分析

Population Genomic Analysis of Endemic Wild Wine Grapes in China

葡萄是中国的重要经济植物,酿酒葡萄更是葡萄产业的重要部分。本研究通过34份酿酒葡萄基因组重测序数据,研究中国三种特有野生酿酒葡萄山葡萄(Vitis amurensis)、刺葡萄(Vitis davidii)和毛葡萄(Vitis heyneana)的群体间遗传结构、遗传多样性与群体历史变化,通过群体遗传学手段筛选选择信号,挖掘中国野生酿酒葡萄特有的重要种质基因。群体结构显示群体间聚成四个分支。与中国主要栽培酿酒葡萄相比,三个野生酿酒葡萄群体多样性较低,且均受东亚大陆末次冰期的影响,导致群体有效数量较低,相关野生种质资源需要得到进一步的保护和收集。通过对中国野生酿酒葡萄共同受选择区域进行定位,本研究共鉴定到272个中国野生酿酒葡萄受选择的基因,这些基因富集到葡萄有性生殖、花粉形成、淀粉和蔗糖代谢,以及自噬体等功能或通路上,研究结果能为栽培酿酒葡萄今后的杂交育种、抗病和酿酒风味等方面提供重要的育种依据。这些基因可能与中国野生葡萄长期受本土环境影响而形成的独特生长发育过程有关。本研究可为中国原产野生酿酒葡萄的保护及育种应用提供重要理论依据。

Grapes are an important economic plant in China,and wine grapes are an important part of the grape industry.In this study,whole genome resequencing data of 34 wine grapes were used to study the genetic structure,genetic diversity,and population demographic history among populations of three endemic wild wine grapes(Vitis amurensis,Vitis davidii and Vitis heyneana)in China,screen selection signals through population genetics,and discover important germplasm genes unique to China′s wild wine grapes.The population structure shows populations gather into four branches.Compared with the main cultivated wine grapes in China,the three wild wine grape populations have lower diversities,and are all affected by the last glacial period in East Asia,resulting in lower effective population size.Relevant wild germplasm resources need to be further protected and collected.By mapping the overlap of selected regions of Chinese wild wine grapes,272 selected genes of Chinese wild wine grapes were identified in this study.These genes are enriched in grape sexual reproduction,pollen formation,starch and sucrose metabolism,autophagy and other functions or pathways,which can provide important breeding basis for cross,disease resistance and wine flavor of wine grape in the future.These genes may be related to the unique growth and development process of Chinese wild grapes that have been affected by the local environment for a long time.This study provides important theoretical basis for the protection and breeding application of Chinese native wild wine grapes.