人格特质在消防员工作压力和心理症状间中介效应

The mediating effect of personality traits between job stress and mental symptoms among firefighters

目的探究人格特质在消防员工作压力和心理症状间的中介作用。方法采用方便抽样法,以山东省974名消防员为研究对象,采用《工作压力量表》《大五人格简式量表》《症状自评量表》对其工作压力、人格特质和心理症状进行问卷调查。结果39.7%的消防员工作压力处于较高水平;19.2%的消防员表现出较高的神经质倾向;消防员的心理症状阳性检出率为9.9%。消防员工作压力得分与神经质人格、心理症状得分均呈正相关(P值均<0.01);外倾性、开放性、宜人性、尽责性的人格得分分别与工作压力、心理症状的得分均呈负相关(P值均<0.05)。神经质在工作压力和心理症状间起部分正向中介作用,其中介效应值占总效应值的39.6%;而外倾性、宜人性、尽责性在工作压力和心理症状间均起部分负向中介作用,中介效应值分别占总效应值的12.0%、17.8%和8.4%;开放性在工作压力和心理症状间无中介作用。结论神经质人格特质可增强工作压力对消防员心理健康的负面影响。

Objective To explore the mediating effect of personality traits between job stress and mental symptoms among firefighters.Methods A total of 974 firefighters in Shandong Province were selected as the research subjects using convenience sampling method.The Job Stress Scale,Brief Version of Chinese Big Five Personality Inventory and Symptom Checklist 90 were used to investigate their job stress,personality traits and mental symptoms.Results Job stress was found at a relatively high level in 39.7%of the firefighters,and 19.2%of the firefighters had high level of neurotic personality trait tendency.The positive detection rate of mental symptoms was 9.9%among firefighters.The score of job stress of the firefighters had a positive correlation with neuroticism and the score of mental symptoms(all P<0.01).The score of job stress and mental symptoms of the firefighters had a negative correlation with the personality traits score of extraversion,openness,agreeableness,and conscientiousness(all P<0.05).Neuroticism played a partially positive mediating effect between job stress and mental symptoms,and its mediating effect accounted for 39.6%of the total effect.Extraversion,agreeableness and conscientiousness played a partially negative mediating effect between work stress and mental symptoms,and the mediating effect accounted for 12.0%,17.8%and 8.4%of the total effect respectively.There was no mediating effect of openness between job stress and mental symptoms.Conclusion Neurotic personality trait may enhance the negative effects of work stress on firefighters'mental health.