综合指数法在铅酸蓄电池企业职业健康风险评估中的应用

Application of a comprehensive index method for occupational health risk assessment in lead-acid battery enterprises

目的探讨综合指数法在铅酸蓄电池企业职业健康风险评估中的应用效果。方法采用方便抽样方法,选取江苏省2家铅酸蓄电池企业A、B,以其中球磨、铸板、和膏、涂板、磨片、分刷片、焊接和加酸充电8个关键岗位为研究对象。对2家铅企业进行现场职业卫生调查,检测关键岗位铅烟、铅尘和硫酸水平,采用综合指数法对8个关键岗位的职业病危害因素进行健康风险评估。结果企业A铸板和焊接岗位铅烟时间加权平均浓度(C_(TWA))、磨片和分刷片岗位铅尘C_(TWA),企业B磨片岗位铅尘C_(TWA)、焊接岗位铅烟C_(TWA)均超过其职业接触限值。企业A铸板、焊接、磨片和分刷片岗位风险评估结果为中等风险,其他岗位均为低风险。企业B磨片和焊接岗位风险评估结果为中等风险,其他岗位均存在低风险。结论综合指数法风险评估结果与职业病危害因素检测结果一致;综合指数法可较好地评估铅酸蓄电池企业的职业健康风险。

Objective To explore the application effect of using the comprehensive index method for occupational health risk assessment in the lead-acid battery enterprises.Methods Convenient sampling method was used to select two lead-acid battery enterprises A and B in Jiangsu Province,with eight key positions including ball grinding,plate casting,pasting,plate coating,plate grinding,plate slicing and brushing,welding and acid charging as the research subjects.Worksite survey of occupational health was conducted in these two lead enterprises,and the levels of lead smoke,lead dust and sulfuric acid in the key positions were detected.The health risk of occupational hazards in the eight key positions was evaluated by a comprehensive index method.Results The time-weighted average concentration(C_(TWA))of lead smoke in plate casting and welding positions of enterprise A,the C_(TWA)of lead dust in plate grinding and plate slicing and brushing positions of enterprise A,the C_(TWA)of lead dust in plate grinding position of enterprise B,the C_(TWA)of lead smoke in welding position of enterprise B were exceeded national occupational exposure limits.The risk assessment results of the plate casting,welding,plate grinding and plate slicing and brushing positions were moderate risk,while other positions were low risk in enterprise A.The risk assessment results of the plate grinding and welding positions were moderate risk,while other positions were low risk in enterprise B.Conclusion The results of risk assessment by the comprehensive index method were consistent with the results of occupational hazard factors detection.The comprehensive index method could well evaluate the occupational health risks of lead-acid battery enterprises.