探索非认知能力的投资规律:跨学科的理论和证据

Investigating the Development Patterns of Non-Cognitive Skills:A Cross-Disciplinary Analysis of Theories and Evidence

非认知能力具有重要的经济价值和非经济价值,是人力资本的重要构成。但长期以来,研究者多关注认知能力,对非认知能力投资的探索还处于起始阶段。本文应用人力资本投资框架,在综合分析跨学科领域的理论和证据基础上,形成对非认知能力投资规律的认识:一是针对儿童、青少年的非认知能力投资,具有高效率、高收益的特征;二是非认知能力的发展,需要建立长期干预机制或创造积极的环境;三是非认知能力更多与教师、父母和同伴等与人连接的因素发生关系,而与资源类因素的关系较弱。这些发现为非认知技能的干预、教育投资提供了启示,同时也为突破资源约束、促进经济社会平等,甚至阻断贫穷的代际传递,提供了新的可能。

Non-cognitive skills carry both substantial economic and non-economic values,making them an essential part of human capital.However,traditional research has focused exclusively on cognitive skills,while the study of investments in non-cognitive skills remains underexplored.This study utilizes a framework of human capital investment to conduct a comprehensive analysis of theories and evidence with a multidisciplinary perspective,forming the following insights:First,investment in non-cognitive skills during adolescence and childhood has high efficiency and yields substantial returns.Second,the effective development of non-cognitive skills requires long-term and sustained investment,rather than short-term interventions.Third,“relational”factors involving teachers,parents,and peers are tightly connected to the development of non-cognitive skills,while“resource”factors have a weaker relationship.These findings offer the possibility for human capital investment to break through resource constraints and promote economic and social equality,shedding new light on a complex and crucial aspect of modern development.