高考综合改革的主观公平效应评估:城乡差异视角

Assessment of the Subjective Equity Effects of the Comprehensive Reform of the College Entrance Examination:A Rural-urban Difference Perspective

本文基于中国社会状况综合调查(CSS)和中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)两套微观数据,采用双重差分方法,考察高考综合改革对居民教育公平感知的影响。实证结果显示:改革显著提高了居民对于高考制度的公平感知,但该效果仅限于城镇居民,而对农村居民影响较小。进一步的机制分析表明了城乡差异的产生原因,即改革相对加重了农村学生的学业压力以及家庭的影子教育负担,进而降低农村孩子自身的教育期望以及家长对孩子的教育期望。本文结果表明高考综合改革仍有完善的空间,必须警惕看似公平的教育制度下的“不公平”现象,亟需进一步加强对于农村地区非义务教育阶段的财政投入。

Based on two sets of microdata from the China Social Survey(CSS)and the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),this paper examines the effect of the comprehensive reform of the college entrance examination on residents'perceptions of educational fairness using the difference-in-difference method.The empirical results show that the reform significantly improves residents'perceptions of the fairness of the college entrance examination system,but the effect only works on urban residents and has less impact on rural residents.Further analysis of the mechanism shows the reason for the“unfairness”between urban and rural areas.The reform has relatively increased the academic pressure and the shadow educational burden of rural students,which in turn lowers the educational expectations of rural children and their parents'expectations of their children.The results of this paper show that there is still room for improvement in the comprehensive reform of the college entrance examination,and that we must be vigilant against the phenomenon of“unfairness”under the seemingly fair education system,and that there is an urgent need to further strengthen the financial investment in the non-compulsory education stage in rural areas.