特殊教育学校发展职业教育:生成逻辑、内涵要义及推进路径

The Development of Vocational Education in Special Education Schools:Generation Logic,Connotation and Promotion Paths

特殊教育学校发展职业教育,既是特殊教育向职业段的延伸和深化,又是解决残疾学生就业问题和提高其社会融入度的重要手段。特殊教育学校发展职业教育实现了特殊教育与职业教育的协调发展,呈现出多样性、互补性、实用性三大基本特征,并将教育思想、专业设置、课程开发、教学实施、考试考核五大融合内容作为关键要素。在未来,特殊中职学校(班)可将人才培养定位从原来“以就业为导向”调整为“一核两翼”联动发展,即以立德树人为核心,特色就业与对口升学为两翼,并着重从制度建设、资源配置、师资培养等方面,推动特殊教育与职业教育融合朝着系统化、体系化方向发展。

The development of vocational education in special education schools is both an extension and deepening of special education to the vocational segment,and an important means of solving the problem of employment for students with disabilities and improving their social integration.The development of vocational education in special education schools realizes the coordinated development of special education and vocational education,showing three basic features of diversity,complementarity and practicality,and takes the five major integration elements of educational ideology,professional setting,curriculum development,teaching implementation and examination and assessment as key elements.In the future,special secondary schools(classes)can adjust the talent cultivation orientation from the original“employment-oriented”to the“one core,two wings”linkage development,i.e.,with moral education as the core,characteristic employment and counterparts to higher education as the two wings.It also focuses on system construction,resource allocation,teacher training and other aspects to promote the integration of special education and vocational education in the direction of systematic development.