对巴特勒重构社会性别概念的批评及其启示

The Critiques of Butler's Conceptual Reconstruction of Gender and Their Implications

2023年11月,由中国社会科学院社会学研究所主办的主题为“性别社会学:中国问题、研究范式与学科建设”的学术研讨会在北京召开,多位性别社会学领域的专家学者围绕性别社会学议题展开了热烈讨论,议题涵盖其发展历程、对社会学的知识建设与社会发展的贡献、当前面临的障碍与应对策略。会上,多位学者认为有必要重新思考性别社会学的核心概念一一社会性别(gender)及其衍生的诸多理论与学术话语,追溯其在西方学术界的诞生与传人中国的理论旅行,检讨其对当今中国性别社会学研究的诸多影响,这在促进学科建设方面具有重要的方法论价值。

For resisting the biological determinism and emphasizing the social construction of gender,feminism brought great political value in this conception.However,it caused a dualism between sex and gender which limited the early gender studies to unembodied ones.American feminist philosopher Judith Butler reconstructed gender from the post-modernist perspective,trying to cancel the nature of sex and explaining the dynamic of gender with sexuality,for the aim of“opening up possibility for gender.”This radical reconstruction received critiques from body studies and feminist philosophy which question the theoretical perspective,focus,methodology,and political stance.The current paper reviews these critiques to look for inspirations for the gendersociology.