黄河口泥沙的治理实践与评价

Practice and evaluation of sediment control in the Yellow River Estuary

基于1855年以来黄河口的来沙量及其不同时期河口泥沙的输移分布特征,从入海流路、防洪安全、下游河道淤积和航道建设等4个方面对黄河口泥沙的灾害效应进行了论证分析。在总结黄河口泥沙治理历史的基础上,从防洪工程体系建设、强化河口河段泄洪排沙能力、减少河口来沙等3个方面对20世纪70年代中期以来黄河口所采取的泥沙处理对策进行了概括总结。结合国内外相关典型河口泥沙的治理经验和发展态势,从水沙关系调控、入海流路格局优化、利用海洋动力输沙和泥沙资源化利用等方面提出了今后黄河口泥沙的治理方向和主要策略。

Based on the amount of incoming sediment since 1855 and the distribution characteristics of sediment transportation in the Yellow River Estuary(YRE)at different periods,the disaster effects caused by sediment in the YRE have been demonstrated and analyzed from the stability of flow paths into the sea,flood control safety,retrogressive sedimentation in the lower Yellow River and possibility of waterway construction.The implemented sediment control measures since the mid-197Os are summarized in three aspects of the construction of flood control engineering system,the strengthening of flood discharge and sediment transport capacity,and the reduction of the amount of sediment into the estuary.Combined with the experience and development trend of sediment control in typical estuaries,the direction and main regulation strategies of sediment control in the YRE in the future are proposed from the aspects of regulating the water-sediment relationship,optimizing the pattern of flow path into the sea,taking advantage of ocean dynamics to transport sediment and the utilizing sediment resources.