脊柱畸形矫形术神经损伤预防的研究进展

Research progress on the preventive measures of nerve damage in spinal deformity correction surgery

脊柱畸形截骨矫形手术是治疗重度脊柱畸形的有效方法,但是脊柱畸形矫形手术难度高、风险大、并发症多,尤其是神经并发症往往造成肢体的运动感觉障碍,甚至是瘫痪,是脊柱外科医生关注的主要问题之一,围手术期预防措施非常重要。本文综述了脊柱畸形矫形手术中脊髓神经损伤并发症的危险因素,尤其是预防措施的应用,如:术前牵引、电生理监测、3D打印和人工智能应用。提示脊柱外科医生应充分重视脊柱畸形截骨矫形手术预防措施应用的重要性,以避免和减少神经损伤并发症。

Spinal deformity osteotomy correction is an effective method for treating severe spinal deformities. However, spinal deformity correction surgery is difficult, risky, with many complications, especially neurological complications that often cause motor sensory disorders or even paralysis in the limbs. This is one of the main concerns of spinal surgeons, and perioperative preventive measures are very important. This article reviews the risk factors for complications of spinal cord nerve injury in spinal deformity correction surgery, especially the application of preventive measures such as preoperative traction, electrophysiological monitoring, 3D printing, and artificial intelligence applications. It is suggested that spinal surgeons should attach great importance to the application of preventive measures in spinal deformity osteotomy and correction surgery, in order to avoid and reduce complications of nerve injury.