徐州市6~11岁儿童支气管哮喘的控制率及控制不佳的危险因素

Control rate and risk factors for poor control of bronchial asthma in children aged 6-11 years in Xuzhou

目的:研究徐州市6~11岁儿童支气管哮喘的控制率及控制不佳的危险因素。方法:回顾性病例总结。对2021年10月至2023年3月在陆军第71集团军医院儿科、徐州市儿童医院呼吸科、徐州市第三人民医院儿科确诊的6~11岁支气管哮喘患儿及家属进行问卷调查。根据儿童哮喘控制测试(C-ACT)评分进行分组:≥23分的患儿为控制组,<23分的患儿为未控制组,统计支气管哮喘的控制率,先后运用单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析得出徐州市儿童支气管哮喘控制不佳的独立危险因素。结果:徐州市6~11岁儿童支气管哮喘的控制率为56.3%(220/391)。多因素Logistic回归分析得出7个独立危险因素为:超重/肥胖、合并过敏性鼻炎、患儿未熟练掌握吸药技术、照料人不知道哮喘需要长期治疗、照料人不相信吸入糖皮质激素在医师指导下运用是安全的、未坚持长期规范化治疗、未遵医嘱定期复诊,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论:徐州市6~11岁儿童支气管哮喘的控制率不高;患儿超重/肥胖、合并过敏性鼻炎、未熟练掌握吸药技术及照料人对该疾病的认知不足是哮喘患儿控制不佳的主要影响因素。

Objective To study the control rate and risk factors for poor control of bronchial asthma in children aged 6-11 years in Xuzhou.Methods In this retrospective case summary,a questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data of children aged 6-11 years who were diagnosed with bronchial asthma in the Department of Pediatrics,the 71st Army Group Hospital,the Department of Respiratory,Xuzhou Children′s Hospital,and the Department of Pediatrics,Xuzhou Third People′s Hospital from October 2021 to March 2023 and their families.According to the Children-Asthma Control Test(C-ACT)score,children with scores≥23 were divided into the control group,and children with scores<23 were divided into the uncontrolled group.The control rate of bronchial asthma was calculated,and risk factors for poor control of bronchial asthma were identified using univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis.Results The control rate of bronchial asthma in children aged 6-11 years in Xuzhou was 56.3%(220/391).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis identified 7 independent risk factors,namely overweight/obesity,concomitant allergic rhinitis,lack of proficiency in drug inhalation,lack of awareness among caregivers that asthma requires long-term treatment,lack of belief in the safety of inhaled corticosteroids under physician guidance,failure to adhere to long-term standardized treatment,and failure to follow medical advice for regular follow-up,with statistically significant differences(all P<0.05).Conclusions The control rate of bronchial asthma in children aged 6-11 years in Xuzhou is not high,and the main influencing factors include children′s overweight/obesity,concomitant allergic rhinitis,and lack of proficiency in drug inhalation,as well as caregivers′insufficient awareness of the disease.