日本晚樱干腐病病原鉴定及防治药剂初筛

Pathogen identification of dry rot in Japanese flowering cherry and control agents screening

干腐病是较为高发的植物枝干病害,其病原种类随树种不同而存在差异。从河南省郑州市种植的日本晚樱上采集发生干腐病的组织,经分离、纯化、致病性检验,得到3种可引起日本晚樱干腐病的病原真菌,通过形态学观察与分子生物学鉴定,确定这3种真菌分别为短密青霉菌(Penicillium brevicompactum)、环状毛霉菌(Mucor circinelloides)和葡萄座腔菌(Botryosphaeria dothidea),其中葡萄座腔菌为优势病原菌。选择7种杀菌剂,测定其对病原菌的室内毒力,初步筛选防治药剂,经比较,辛菌胺醋酸盐和苯醚甲环唑对3种病原菌的毒力较强,前者对病原菌的平均EC_(50)为2.278μg/mg,后者为2.359μg/mg,可在防病实践中验证其效果。

This study aimed to provide a scientific reference for the prevention and control of Japanese flowering cherry dry rot through pathogen identification and control agent screening.Diseased tissue was collected from Japanese flowering cherry trees planted in Zhengzhou,Henan Province.After isolation,purification,and pathogen examination,three pathogenic fungi were obtained.Morphological observation and molecular biological identification were conducted.The pathogens responsible for Japanese flowering cherry dry rot were Penicillium brevicompactum,Mucor circinelloides,and Botryosphaeria.dothidea,with B.dothidea being the dominant pathogen.Indoor toxicity tests were conducted on the three pathogens using seven different fungicides,and preliminary screening of field control agents was carried out.It was found that 1.6%Octamine Acetate(AS)and 10%Phenacetoconazole(SC)showed strong antifungal activity against all three fungi.The two fungicides had average EC_(50)values of 2.278μg/mg and 2.359μg/mg,respectively.The results contribute to the understanding of the pathogenic structure of cherry dry rot disease and provide a scientific foundation for its integrated control.