中国建筑业安全生产水平测度与评价

Measurement and evaluation of work safety level in China s construction industry

为推动建筑业安全稳健发展,基于2017—2021年30个省/直辖市/自治区数据,运用超效率基于松弛变量测度(Slacks-Based Measure,SBM)模型测算各省建筑业安全生产水平,并借鉴分层数据包络分析(Data Envelopment Analysis,DEA)的思想,构建多个生产前沿面以考察其空间分异,进而通过全局曼奎斯特卢恩伯格(Global Malmquist Luenberger,GML)指数分析其动态特征。结果显示:(1)我国建筑业安全生产水平整体偏低,地区发展不平衡特征明显。(2)从省域看,内蒙古、福建、河南、海南和青海保持稳定领先态势,山西、湖北、广东和甘肃则长期落后;从区域看,东部和西部地区区域内建筑业安全生产水平差距较大,东北和中部地区建筑业安全生产水平发展较为同步,但均较低。(3)我国建筑业整体安全生产水平持续向好发展,技术进步对此做出了较大贡献。此外,研究可对建筑业安全生产管理提出相应建议。

To promote the safe and steady development of the construction industry,this paper evaluates the work safety level in China s construction industry.First,the Super-SBM(Slacks-Based Measure)model is used to measure the work safety level in the construction industry based on the safety-related input-output data of 30 provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions in China from 2017 to 2021.However,only five provinces get a mean value of work safety level greater than 1 and the range value is greater than 1 at each of the five years.Based on this result,several production frontiers are established,drawing on the hierarchical DEA method,to investigate the spatial differentiation of the work safety level.According to the iteration rule set,30 provinces are classified into four levels by their work safety levels each year.Moreover,dynamic characteristics of the work safety level are analyzed according to the GML(Global Malmquist Luenberger)index method.Unlike the mean value of work safety level,the mean value of the GML index is greater than 1 in most provinces except for Tianjin.Between the decomposition indexes,the technological progress index is greater than the technological efficiency index in most provinces.Therefore,three main conclusions are drawn from the aforementioned research process:(1)The work safety level in China s construction industry is generally low with an obvious characteristic of regional imbalances.(2)Among 30 provinces,Inner Mongolia,Fujian,Henan,Hainan,and Qinghai stay ahead,while Shanxi,Hubei,Guangdong,and Gansu have lagged for a long time.Among China s four major economic regions,the eastern and western regions are characterized by imbalanced work safety levels.Relatively,the work safety levels of provinces in the northeast and central regions keep in step,which,however,are generally low.(3)From the development tendency,the overall work safety level in China s construction industry has been improved constantly,to which technological progress has made a great contribution.Given the conclusions above,several suggestions have been proposed for work safety management in China s construction industry.