城市轨道交通碳化硅三电平牵引变流器应用探索

Exploration of application of three-level inverters based on wide bandgap devices in urban rail traction

城轨交通将绿色节能作为发展目标,城轨牵引变流器以低损耗为发展方向。碳化硅器件具有耐高温、所承受开关频率较高和功率损耗低的优势,应用于三电平变流器,可有效提高系统效率、降低能耗、减轻设备重量。针对碳化硅三电平牵引变流器在城轨牵引领域的应用,首先分析城轨牵引变流器功率器件和拓扑的发展现状,从牵引系统的发展需求提炼出牵引变流器的优化需求;结合材料特性研究碳化硅器件应用于城轨牵引领域的性能优势,以及可能给牵引系统设计带来的技术挑战。对比探究5种常用的三电平逆变器拓扑结构和各种牵引传动控制方法在城轨领域的适应性,总结其结构特点对碳化硅器件应用的促进作用。归纳三电平变流器在城轨牵引系统中的应用局限,探讨碳化硅器件对其输出性能的优化作用。讨论碳化硅三电平变流器拓扑在城轨牵引系统中的应用可能,通过仿真实验对比不同拓扑的器件损耗分布。研究结果表明:碳化硅器件本身即对降低功率损耗具有明显优势,三电平拓扑及合适的控制策略可降低碳化硅器件的应用成本,二者结合可进一步缩小变流器和相关设备的体积,延长系统使用寿命。因此,将碳化硅三电平变流器应用于城轨交通符合发展需求。研究可为后续城市轨道交通牵引变流器的优化提供参考。

The development of urban rail transit aims to achieve green energy savings,and the urban rail traction converter is focused on high power and low loss.Carbon-silicon devices can offer significant advantages such as high temperature resistance,high switching frequency,and low power loss.When used in three-level converters,they can enhance system efficiency,decrease energy consumption,and reduce equipment weight.This study analyzed the current state of power devices and the architecture of urban rail traction converters,determining optimization requirements based on the system’s developmental demands.It examined the material properties of carbon-silicon devices,focusing on performance benefits and technical obstacles.The study compared the versatility of five commonly used three-level converter topologies,including traction drive techniques,and discusses the optimization effect of carbon-silicon devices on their output performance.The results are drawn as follows.It can examine the potential utilization of the carbon-silicon three-level converter topology in urban train traction systems,and conduct a comparative analysis of device loss distribution among various topologies using simulated tests.Results show that carbon-silicon systems provide distinct advantages in mitigating power loss,and the implementation of a three-level topology and suitable control method can mitigate application expenses.The integration of carbon-silicon three-level converters in urban rail transit aligns with development requirements and can serve as a resource for future optimization of traction converters in urban rail transit systems.