铁路隧道施工人员与安全风险节点映射关系模型设计及应用

Design and application of node mapping relationship model between construction worker and railway tunnel construction safety risk

施工人员既是铁路隧道施工安全风险发生的主要因素之一,也是受害者,然而“施工人员”与“安全风险”的关系研究尚未得到有效关注。通过引入网络理论,基于OBS(Organization Breakdown Structure)-WBS(Work Breakdown Structure)-RBS(Risk Breakdown Structure)法和2-模网络进行施工人员与安全风险节点映射关系模型设计,用于显性化施工人员和安全风险因素节点映射关系,为研究和预防铁路隧道施工安全风险提供新思路和新工具。首先运用WBS-RBS法识别铁路隧道施工安全风险因素并构建2-模WBS-RBS矩阵,运用OBS-WBS法确定铁路隧道施工人员集并构建2-模OBS-WBS矩阵;以WBS中施工活动为链接,将2-模OBS-WBS矩阵和2-模WBS-RBS矩阵转换为2-模OBS-RBS矩阵;接着,将施工人员和安全风险因素分别作为节点,将2-模OBS-RBS矩阵中反映的双方之间的映射关系作为边,构建施工人员与风险因素节点映射关系网络;最后,采取典型对应分析,显性化施工人员与风险因素的关联程度,旨在探索处于网络核心位置的施工人员、安全风险因素及其双方映射关系;以怀邵衡铁路盛德堂隧道作为典型案例,应用该模型对施工人员和安全风险因素节点的映射关系进行分析。研究结果表明:不同施工人员与特定安全风险因素具有明显映射关系;经专家验证指出,基于上述映射关系模型实证结果符合现场工程实际,构建的模型具备实用性。研究结果可直观呈现各级施工人员与安全风险因素的主要关联关系,帮助施工人员提高安全认知,端正安全态度;也可帮助施工管理人员针对不同施工人员提出针对性风险管控建议,合理优化安全风险管理资源,为预防铁路隧道施工安全风险提供方向性指导。

The construction worker is both a receiver and an influencer to safety loss.However,rare researchers pay attention to the relationship between construction worker and construction safety risk.Therefore,this article proposed a new node mapping relationship model to explore the correlation degree between construction workers and construction safety risk factors(CSRFs).That was a new tool for preventing safety loss in railway tunnel construction.The model first identified CSRFs by WBS(Work Breakdown Structure)-RBS(Risk Breakdown Structure)analysis,and determined construction workers by OBS(Organization Breakdown Structure)-WBS analysis.Then,taking the construction activities as a link,the 2-model OBS-WBS matrix and 2-mode WBS-RBS matrix were used for establishing the 2-mode OBS-RBS matrix.The corresponding node mapping relationship network was further established and visualized by taking the construction workers,CSRFs as nodes and the maping relationships between them as edges.Correspondence analysis displayed the node mapping relationship between construction worker and CSRFs.Taking the Shengdetang Tunnel as an example,this model was utilized to explore mapping relationship between construction worker and CSRFs.Expert interview was used to demonstrate the model rationality and practicality.The results indicate that some construction worker have a clear directional mapping relationship with CSRFs.The results can help construction workers improve safety awareness and help project managers propose directional suggestions for risk mitigation for different workers.