积极福利视域下我国退役运动员转型保障政策的现实困境与创新路径

Realistic Dilemma and Innovation Paths of Guarantee Policy for Chinese Retired Athletes from Perspective of Active Welfare

退役运动员转型保障政策是促进退役运动员顺利转型的关键,政策的完善与创新则是推动退役运动员高质量转型与发展的重要前提。运用文献资料、逻辑分析及实地调研的方法,引入积极福利理论为视角,剖析了我国退役运动员传统转型保障政策的困境,提出了退役运动员转型保障政策的创新路径。研究认为,积极福利视域下我国退役运动员转型保障政策应以发展型和普惠型政策为目标、以多元主体分担协作为实施机制、以人力资本的投资与开发为重点、以权利和责任统一为基本要求。目前,我国退役运动员转型保障政策存在政策的灵活性不足,对底层运动员关注度有待提升;多元福利供给主体协同程度不高,价值共创效力发挥不足;运动员人力资本投资力度不足,社会资本水平重视不够;退役运动员及企业权利和责任不对等,出现福利依赖现象等问题。提出以下创新路径:以高质量发展为目标导向,构建“适度普惠+精准特惠”的转型保障政策;充分调动多元福利主体,构建多主体协同的退役运动员社会支持网络;多维度加大人力资本投资,提升退役运动员应对风险的抵御能力;重设政策优惠标准,构建运动员权利与责任对应的机制。

The guarantee policy of the retired athletes is the key to promoting the smooth transformation of the retired athletes.The improvement and innovation of the policy is an important prerequisite to promote the high-quality transformation and development of the retired athletes.Through literature review,logical analysis and field research,and from the perspective of positive welfare theory,difficulties in implementing the guarantee policy for the Chinese retired athletes were analyzed and innovative paths were proposed.Under the perspective of active welfare,the guarantee policy should target at the development and inclusive policies,taking the sharing and cooperation of multiple subjects as the implementation mechanism,the investment and development of human capital as the focus,and the unification of rights and responsibilities as the basic requirements.At present,the guarantee policy was not flexible.Insufficient care was given to the grassroots athletes.There was not enough coordination between the multiple subjects.The human capital and social capital investment was in lack.The rights and responsibilities of the retired athletes and enterprises were unequal,leading to welfare dependence.The innovation paths included taking high-quality development as the goal,issuing“moderate universal benefit+precise preferential”policy,mobilizing multiple welfare subjects,building social support network for the retired athletes with multi-subject coordination,increasing the investment of human capital to raise risk resistance,establishing preferential policy standards and constructing the athletes’rights and responsibilities.