莎士比亚与“新天文学”——以《哈姆莱特》为例

William Shakespeare and the New Astronomy:A Case Study of Hamlet

一般认为,整体宇宙由“有形宇宙”和“概念宇宙”两部分构成。概念化后的有形宇宙常被用来言说人类世界发生的各种事件。英国文艺复兴时期,结构上静止稳定的“托勒密地心模式”,从出现伊始就被概念化并对应于都铎王朝统治下再现和谐社会的“集体意识”,牢牢地占据着主流地位。1542年《天体运行论》出版后,“新天文学”时代随之到来。古老的“托勒密地心模式”不断受到“哥白尼日心模式”、“第谷日心/地心混合模式”和“迪格斯无限模式”等的挑战。长期以来,学界对莎士比亚是否受到“新天文学”影响的争议不断。从新、旧天文学角度解读《哈姆莱特》可为我们思考上述问题提供新角度。

It is generally believed the universe consists of two parts:the physical universe and the conceptual universe.And the conceptualized universe corresponds to the events in the human world.During the English Renaissance,the still and stable Ptolemaic geocentric model was universally accepted,which echoed the collective consciousness of the harmonious society under the rule of the Tudor dynasty.However,since the publication of On the Revolution of the Heavenly Spheres in 1542,the Ptolemaic model has been constantly challenged by Copernican heliocentric model,Tycho’s geo-heliocentric model,and Digges’infinite model.For a long time,scholars have been debating about Shakespeare’s relation with these models,and astronomical interpretations of Hamlet could provide a new perspective to think about this issue.