从贾谊传记看《史记》《汉书》的差异及其意义

On the Differences between Shi Ji and Han Shu in Terms of Jia Yi’s Biography

《史记》《汉书》对贾谊传记的叙写有较大差异。司马迁将屈原、贾谊合传,对二人的不遇经历深表同情,并谤刺了世道的不公,笔含感情,气势奔放;而班固则有意收录了贾谊的政论文,着力描述了贾谊的政治活动,叙事严正,情感内敛。上述差异源于班固对儒学的尊崇。东汉时期,儒学定为一尊,班固的史书创作以儒家思想为统摄,以宗汉为旨归。儒家“温柔敦厚”的诗教观念熏染了班固中正平和的性格气质,使得《汉书》风格典雅凝重。贯穿于《汉书》中的正统情怀、仁政礼义、忠君爱国等儒家学说对于维护大汉王朝的统治秩序、昭显汉代的国家治理经验、弘扬爱国思想意义重大。

There are great differences between Shi Ji and Han Shu in terms of Jia Yi’s biography.Sima Qian put Qu Yuan and Jia Yi together,expressing a profound sympathy toward their misfortunes and satirizing the social injustice with emotion and momentum,while Ban Gu adopted Jia Yi’s political treatises,presenting his political activities with objective narrative and emotional restraint.These differences stem from Ban Gu’s reverence for Confucianism.In the Eastern Han Dynasty,Confucianism rose as the official ideology,which influenced Ban Gu's historical writing.The Confucian concept of gentleness molded Ban Gu’s character,and gave Han Shu an elegant and dignified style.The Confucian values permeating Han Shu,such as orthodoxy,benevolence,propriety,patriotism and loyalty to the monarch,were of great significance for maintaining the reign of the Han Dynasty,demonstrating its governance experience and promoting patriotic thoughts.