大功率油气压裂泵疲劳与密封技术研究综述

Reviews of Research on Fatigue and Sealing Technology of High-Power Fracturing Pump

深井、超深井勘探开发对压裂泵各项性能提出更高、更好的迫切需求,推动了压裂泵各项研究的不断发展。为此,阐述了压裂泵动力端和液力端2个关键部分的寿命评估、结构优化和材料改性的发展历史、最新研究进展及展望,针对疲劳失效和密封失效进行了分析。提出了适用于裂纹长度较小的疲劳寿命计算方法,由此可进行泵头体剩余疲劳强度评估;通过柱塞表面织构改进,形成复合材料,以综合体现各原料自身的优势来提升丁腈橡胶的耐油、耐磨和耐老化等性能的方式,实现对动力端柱塞密封性能改进;目前泵头体液压自增强技术实施复杂,对密封要求很高,已有部分研究把激光自增强技术应用于压裂泵泵头体中。所得结论可为压裂泵未来研究提供有益指导。

The exploration and development of deep and ultra-deep wells raise an urgent demand for fracturing pumps with higher and better performance,which triggers various researches on fracturing pumps.This paper reviews the history of life evaluation,structural optimization and material modification of two key parts(dynamic end and hydraulic end)of the fracturing pump,and presents the latest progress of research and the prospects.The fatigue failure and seal failure were analyzed.A fatigue life calculation method for small crack length was proposed,and it can be used to evaluate the residual fatigue strength of the pump head.The sealing performance of the plunger at the dynamic end was improved by upgrading the oil,wear and aging resistance of nitrile-butadiene rubber(NBR)after the plungers surface texture was modified and the materials with their respective strengths were combined into a composite.The existing hydraulic autofrettage technology is difficult to apply and raises a high requirement for sealing.Some scholars have introduced laser autofrettage into fracturing pump heads.The findings in this paper are valuable for future researches on fracturing pumps.