近地小行星撞击事件处置规则与处置流程

Near-Earth Asteroid Impact Event Disposal Rules and Processes

针对中国近地小行星防御研究在处置规则、协同机制、运行流程等方面存在的不足,为了应对小行星防御和灾害救援方面不断提升的需求,提出一种小行星防御仿真推演策略.根据国内外小行星防御发展现状,分析了中国小行星防御方面存在的差距.从机制建立和协同应急处置的角度出发,分析了国内外小行星防御仿真推演情况.基于国内外研究现状,设计了一套小行星防御仿真推演方案,提出了中国开展小行星防御演练的组织架构,包括指导层、事件处置层和业务支撑层等三个层次,为小行星防御演练提供基本的组织支撑;给出了小行星撞击事件的应急响应机制和一般处置规则设想,为事件的处置和组织架构中各层次运行提供了规则基础;初步设计了演练场景,对机制和规则进行了验证,为近地小行星防御工作组织及实施提供了参考.

In response to the shortcomings in the areas of disposal rules,coordination mechanisms,and operational procedures in China’s research on the defense of near-Earth asteroids,a simulation strategy for asteroid defense is proposed to meet the increasing demand for asteroid defense and disaster relief.Based on the current development status of asteroid defense at home and abroad,the gaps in China’s as-teroid defense are analyzed.From the perspectives of mechanism establishment and coordinated emer-gency response,the simulation and deduction of asteroid defense at home and abroad are analyzed.Based on the current research status at home and abroad,a set of asteroid defense simulation and de-duction plans are designed,and an organizational structure for China’s asteroid defense exercises is pro-posed,including three levels:guidance layer,event disposal layer,and business support layer,providing basic organizational support for asteroid defense exercises.The emergency response mechanism and gen-eral disposal rules for asteroid impact events are proposed,providing a rule basis for the disposal of events and the operation of each level in the organizational structure.The simulation scenarios are ini-tially designed to verify the mechanisms and rules,providing a reference for the organization and imple-mentation of near-Earth asteroid defense work.