宅基地退出绩效:评价体系、实证分析与提升路径——基于东中西部典型试点区域的全景式考察

Evaluation System,Empirical Analysis and Path Optimization of Rural Residential Land Withdrawal Performance:Based on the Comprehensive Investigation in Typical Pilot Areas in the Eastern,Central and Western Regions

研究目的:明晰宅基地退出绩效目标,构建评价体系,对典型试点区域宅基地退出绩效进行实证分析,探寻宅基地退出绩效提升路径。研究方法:质性研究方法与政策绩效评价工具方法的综合运用。研究结果:宅基地退出绩效目标主要由中央政策目标和地方政府、村集体、退出农户的利益诉求构成;回应绩效目标,基于政府绩效管理理论,引入利益相关者理论,并嵌入乡村韧性理论,构建了从过程到结果、兼顾多维利益诉求、考虑长短期变化的宅基地退出绩效评价体系;通过实证考察和评价分析发现,义乌、余江、泸县的宅基地退出绩效总体表现良好,但主要在经济韧性上存在短板,面临着资金紧张、主体乏力、盘活再利用受限等困境。研究结论:全面提升宅基地退出绩效,关键要在宅基地“三权分置”改革统领下,通过优化退出资金运作模式、形成多主体共治局面、拓宽退出土地盘活路径等,健全宅基地退出长效激励机制与保障机制。

The purposes of this study are to clarify the performance objectives of rural residential land withdrawal,to construct the performance evaluation framework,make a comprehensive investigation in typical pilot areas,and to put forward the policy suggestions.The research methods of qualitative analysis and policy performance evaluation are adopted in this study.The research results show that the central policy objectives and stakeholders’demands mutually compose the performance goals of rural residential land withdrawal.In response to the performance objectives,based on government performance management theory,stakeholder theory and rural resilience theory,the rural residential land withdrawal performance evaluation system are constructed,including policy process and the outcome,accommodates multi-dimensional demands of stakeholders,and considers long-term and short-term changes in rural areas.The empirical analysis indicates that the rural residential land withdrawal performance of Yiwu,Yujiang,Luxian was generally good,but there was a weak board effect in the dimension of economic resilience,and the three typical pilot areas were faced with difficulties in fund raising,participation of multi-subjects and the reuse of the withdrawn rural residential land.In conclusion,it is necessary to be guided by the reform of tripartite entitlement system of rural residential land,to improve the mode of fund operation,to build a multi-subject co-governance mechanism,and to innovate diversified invigorating paths according to local conditions.