土地流转对农户多维相对贫困的影响及机制研究——基于生产资源优化配置视角

Impacts of Land Transfer on Multidimensional Relative Poverty of Farmers:From the Perspective of Optimizing Production Resource Allocation

研究目的:探讨土地流转对农户多维相对贫困的因果影响、作用机制及异质性,为进一步深化农村土地制度改革、构建缓解农村相对贫困的长效机制提供实证依据和有益启示。研究方法:利用2010—2018年中国家庭追踪调查数据,构建了多维相对贫困评价指标体系,通过BP神经网络赋权模型和双界限法测度农户多维相对贫困状况,然后使用工具变量法探讨土地流转对农户多维相对贫困的影响及作用机制。研究结果:(1)土地流转显著减轻了农户的多维相对贫困状况,且土地流出对5个子维度的相对贫困均存在稳健的减贫作用,而土地流入的减贫效应主要集中于家庭可行能力、发展机会、社会保险3个维度。(2)土地流转主要通过优化农户的土地和劳动力资源配置实现多维度的减贫效应。(3)土地流转对西部地区和农业产值较低县域的农户,以及家庭劳动力年龄较低和土地价值较低的农户的减贫效应更为明显。研究结论:土地流转有助于提升相对贫困群体的内生动力,培育自我发展的长效机制,其福利效应可以缩小地区间和人群间差异。基于此,为实现共同富裕的发展目标,需要进一步建立健全统一的土地经营权流转市场,促进土地规范有序流转。

The purpose of the study is to estimate the impact,mechanism and heterogeneity of land transfer on the multidimensional relative poverty of farmers,to further deepen the reform of rural land institutions and build a longterm mechanism to alleviate relative poverty in rural China.The research methods are as follows.Using the data of China Family Panel Studies from 2010 to 2018,this paper constructs a multi-dimensional relative poverty evaluation index system and measures the multidimensional relative poverty of farmers through BP neural network empowerment model and AF method.We then employ the instrumental variable method to estimate the impact of land transfer on the multidimensional relative poverty of farmers.The results show that:1)land transfer significantly reduces the multidimensional relative poverty of farmers.The poverty-reduction effect of land outflow is robust for all five subdimensions of relative poverty,while the effect of land inflow is mainly concentrated on the three dimensions:household viability,development opportunities and social insurance.2)Land transfer reduces multidimensional relative poverty mainly through optimizing the allocation of land and labor resources of farmers.3)The poverty alleviation effect of land transfer is stronger for farmers in western regions and counties with lower agricultural output values,as well as households with younger labor forces and lower land values.In conclusion,land transfer helps enhance the endogenous motivation of relatively poor groups and cultivates a long-term mechanism for self-development,leading to a narrower disparity across regions and households.Thus,to achieve the goal of common prosperity,it is crucial to establish a unified market for land management rights transfer,promoting well-organized land transfers.