马克思与中国式现代化

Marx and Chinese Path to Modernization

马克思虽从未来过中国,且对中国的了解仅限于中国的19世纪40—60年代(当时因满清政府腐败无能而导致中国内忧外患),但这并不意味着马克思就与中国式现代化之间没有任何关联。恰恰相反,马克思与中国式现代化之间存在着必然的、清晰的、具体的和整全的逻辑关联。此种逻辑关联主要展现在如下三个方面。其一,马克思对西方式现代化进行了深刻批判。在马克思看来,资本主义制度是西方式现代化产生的制度性前提,却在自身发展中逐渐成为西方式现代化的结构性障碍。在此语境下,西方式现代化通过战争、殖民和掠夺等方式向人类展现了一幅极度令人失望的讽刺画。其二,马克思为未来现代化确立基本指向。在马克思看来,未来现代化是对西方式现代化进行辩证否定并在此基础上所确立起来的一种崭新现代化模式,是人类在奔赴共产主义社会过程中所达致的阶段性发展状况的一种表征。就此而言,未来现代化必然是同西方式现代化既存在根本区别又存在一定联系的现代化。未来现代化是生产力既能得到极大发展又能得到充分利用的现代化,是使“一切人”与“每个人”的独立性与个性得到自由发展的现代化,是使生产关系能适应现代化发展要求的现代化。其三,中国共产党带领全国各族人民在马克思现代化理论指引下对中国式现代化道路进行艰辛探索并在此基础上把握到了中国式现代化的理论逻辑与实践秘诀。这些理论逻辑与实践秘诀本身的存在,既表征着马克思现代化理论对中国式现代化的成功推进与拓展所进行的科学指导,又表征着中国式现代化的成功推进与拓展对马克思现代化理论所进行的进一步丰富与发展。

Although Marx never came to China,and his knowledge of China was limited to China from the 1840s to the 1860s,which suffered from internal and external troubles due to the corruption and incompetence of the Manchurian government at that time,this doesn’t mean that Marx isn’t associated with Chinese path to modernization.On the contrary,between Marx and Chinese path to modernization,there is an inevitable,clear,concrete and complete logical connection,which is mainly manifested in the following three aspects:Firstly,Marx deeply criticized Western modernization.According to Marx,the capitalist system is the institutional premise for the emergence of Western modernization,but it has gradually become a structural obstacle to Western modernization.In this context,Western modernization presents an ironic picture of great disappointment to mankind through wars,colonization and pillage.Secondly,Marx established the basic direction for future modernization.According to him,future modernization is a new mode of modernization established on the basis of dialectical negation of Western modernization,and it is a representation of the stage that human beings have reached in their journey to communist society.In this respect,future modernization must be a modernization that is both fundamentally different from and somewhat related to Western modernization,a modernization in which the productive forces can be fully both developed and utilized,a modernization in which the independence and individuality of“all”and“each”can be freely developed,a modernization in which the relations of production can be adapted to the requirements of modern development.Thirdly,under the guidance of Marx’s modernization theory,CPC has led the people of all ethnic groups in the country to make a difficult exploration of the road of Chinese path to modernization,and on this basis grasped the theoretical logic and practical secrets which not only represent the scientific guidence of Marx’s modernization theory to the successful promotion and expansion of Chinese path to modernization,but also represent the enrichment and development of Marx’s modernization theory by the successful promotion and expansion of Chinese path to modernization.