藏语“酒”类词语的文化探讨

A Cultural Exploration of Tibetan Words for"Chang(wine)"

在藏族1300多年的文明发展史中,酒已经成为人们思想、文化、道德、伦理的综合载体。藏语“酒”类词语作为藏族语言与文化的一个重要组成部分,其表现形式丰富多彩,从藏语酒的种类、器具等物质方面,上升到酒的礼俗、饮趣等精神方面。藏语“酒”类词语几乎涉及藏族社会生活的方方面面,它们的形成和发展,反映了语言与文化的相互影响和相互渗透,传递和表达着藏民族用酒的习俗和心理,反映出藏族的人生观、道德观以及人们相应的价值取向、认知方式、行为模式等文化心态。藏语“酒”类词语极其丰富,文化内涵博大精深,这些词语不仅反映了藏族所创造的物质文化、精神文化和心理特征,而且美化了藏族的社会生活,丰富了藏族人民的文化与精神世界。文章运用民族学及社会语言学的研究方法,对藏语“酒”类词语进行收集、整理和语义解析,从中梳理出藏族重礼仪、重饮食文化的价值观,重伦理道德、重和谐的意识取向和民族思维方式及心理特征。通过对藏语酒类词语的记录和释义,进而探讨其蕴含的文化语义、文化形式、文化特征和文化作用。

In the 1300-year history of Tibetan civilization,wine has become a comprehensive carrier of people's thoughts,culture,morals and ethics,as well as a traditional custom for Tibetan people to sip it to nourish their bodies and minds,promote the ritual propriety,show respect to their ancestors,and create a harmonious relationship with others.As an essential part of Tibetan language and culture,Tibetan words for"wine"are rich and colourful,ranging from the material aspects of Tibetan wine,such as types and implements,to the spiritual aspects of wine,such as rituals and aspirations and joy.Tibetan words for"wine"cover almost every aspect of Tibetan social life,and their formation and development reflect the mutual influence and permeation of language and culture,conveying and expressing the customs and highbrow pursuits of drinking wine,and also reflecting the Tibetan outlook on life,morality and the corresponding values,and cognitive styles and behaviour patterns of Tibetan people.Tibetan words for"wine"have a rich source,and its culture is endowed with broad and profound significance.These words not only reflect the material,spiritual and psychological characteristics created by Tibetans,but also beautify Tibetan social life and enrich the cultural and spiritual world of Tibetan people.In this paper appl:es,ethnographic and sociolinguistic research methods to collect,collate and semantically analyse the Tibetan words for wine.These methods are also used to sort out the Tibetan value orientations of ritual propriety and food culture,as well as the ethical,moral and harmonious orientations of consciousness and their national mindset and psychological characteristics.By recording and interpreting Tibetan words for wine,the cultural semantics,cultural forms,characteristics and roles are explored and discussed further in this paper.