含氟高分子材料包覆铝核壳材料研究进展

Research Progress of Aluminum Core-shell Materials Coated with Fluorine-containing Polymer Materials

金属铝(Al)具有高燃烧热值、高密度、低耗氧量等优异性能,是固体复合推进剂领域最受青睐的金属添加剂。为了提高固体复合推进剂的性能,有必要采取措施对Al进行包覆改性。近年来含氟高分子包覆Al因其优异的综合性能而受到广泛关注。介绍了不同种类的含氟高分子包覆金属Al核壳材料、不同包覆方法、Al核壳材料的性能以及含氟高分子与Al的作用机理,总结发现通过Al核壳结构设计、含氟高分子引入和Al颗粒表面的自活化策略等途径,含氟高分子与氧化铝层之间的表面发生剧烈的氧化过程,增强Al核壳材料点火和燃烧性能,显著改善推进剂的燃烧团聚和燃烧效率。但目前含氟高分子包覆Al核壳材料研究过程仍存在许多不足,如缺乏新型多元含氟高分子包覆Al的能量性能的研究;缺乏Al颗粒与包覆层在高升温速率下作用机理的认识;包覆效率和批量制备能力低,阻碍了其实际应用等。未来可从进一步增强朝着研发新型含氟聚合物、研究对反应历程中产物的实时捕捉和开发工业化生产制造技术等方向发展。

Aluminum(Al)is the most popular metal additive in the field of composite solid propellants due to its high calorific value,high density and low oxygen consumption.In order to improve the performance of composite solid propellant,it is necessary to take measures to modify Al.In recent years,the fluorine-containing polymer coated Al has attracted wide attention due to its excellent comprehensive properties.This paper introduces the different kinds of metal aluminum core-shell materials coated with fluorine-containing polymer materials,the different coating methods,the properties of aluminum core-shell materials and the mechanism of action of fluorine-containing polymers and aluminum.The enhanced ignition and combustion performances of aluminum core-shell materials are due to the surface reaction between the fluorine-containing polymer and the alumina layer,resulting in a violent oxidation process.At the same time,the combustion agglomeration and combustion efficiency of aluminum core-shell material modified propellant are significantly improved.The problems existing in the research of fluorine-containing polymer coated aluminum materials are discussed,and the conclusion,prospect and possible research direction are put forward.