复杂爆炸载荷致肺损伤试验研究

Experimental Research on Human Lung Injury Induced by Complex Blast Wave

为研究真实工况下人员在爆炸冲击波作用下的动态响应特性,开展某型云爆弹静爆作用下工事内仿人形装置(Anthropomorphic Test Device,ATD)和绵羊的毁伤试验研究。采用爆炸测试装置和简易假人作为研究对象,通过6发爆炸试验分析爆炸冲击波在ATD表面传播规律,开展2种人员损伤预测模型的对比分析。研究结果表明:在本试验工况下,冲击波和崩落的混凝土碎块是主要的毁伤元;爆炸冲击波在ATD表面首先发生反射,随后绕射至其他部位,压力曲线表现出非典型冲击波特征,反射叠加效应明显;在典型冲击波特征正压作用时间区间内,由于Axelsson损伤模型线性阻尼项的影响,求解的胸壁运动速度呈现出先增大至峰值后降低的现象;Axelsson损伤模型与UFC 3-340-02规范相比,在人员损伤预测方面相对保守。所得研究结果可为工程应用及毁伤评估提供参考。

In order to study the dynamic physical response characteristics of human lung under the blast wave in warfare conditions,a series of tests on damage effects of fuel-air-explosive projectile to an anthropomorphic test device(ATD)and sheeps in the works were carried out under non-contact static explosion conditions.In the tests,the blast test device commonly used in USA military standards and the simple dummies are used as the research objects.The pressure-time curves of ATD are obtained through 6 explosion tests,and the propagation principle of the blast wave on the surface of ATD is analyzed.The assessment of blast wave to human lung injury is compared by Axelsson injury model and UFC 3-340-02 standard.The results show that the main damage elements are blast wave and concrete fragments under the conditions.The blast wave on the surface of ATD thorax is reflected by thorax surface,and then diffracted to the other parts of ATD thorax.The pressure-time curves of ATD show the atypical blast wave characteristics and superposition convergence during propagation.In the positive phase duration interval of typical blast wave characteristics,the chest wall velocity calculated by Axelsson injury model first increases the first peak and then decreases because of the linear damping term of the Axelsson equation.Compared with UFC 3-340-02 standard,the Axelsson injury model is relatively conservative in blast injury predictions.The research results can provide references for engineering application and damage assessment.