物债二分体系下非法获取区块链虚拟财产行为的入罪研究

Research on the Criminalization of Illegal Acquisition Behavior of Blockchain Virtual Property under the Binary System of Property and Debt

在民刑法秩序统一的前提下,刑法财产犯罪对象之财物与民法物权对象在界定上相互对应,以直接支配为认定基础。以区块链技术构造的虚拟财产具备存在唯一、权利排他、处分独立的数字物权特征,应界定为刑法上之财物。面对数据客体法益重叠的情况,应坚持个人法益优先的法益位阶原理,在数据罪名与财产罪名间优先适用后者以形成数据犯罪处置路径。非法获取区块链虚拟财产的行为,实际上是以数字变更的形式转换财物的占有状态,此种发生于数字世界的“转移占有”行为满足盗窃罪的定性要求,应以盗窃罪定罪。

Under the premise of the unification of civil and criminal law order,the property of the criminal law property crime object corresponds to the civil law property right object in terms of definition,which is based on direct domination.With the characteristics of unique existence,exclusive rights and independent disposition,virtual property constructed by blockchain technology should be defined as property in criminal law.In the face of the overlapping of legal interests of data objects,we should adhere to the principle of legal interest hierarchy in which individual legal interests take precedence,and give priority to the latter between data crimes and property crimes to regulate the disposal path of data crimes.The illegal acquisition behavior of blockchain virtual property actually refers to changing the possession state of property in the form of digital change.This kind of"transfer possession"behavior in the digital world meets the stereotype requirements of theft and should be convicted of theft.