中国海岸带管理政策:演进、特征与挑战

Coastal Zone Management Policies in China:Evolution,Characteristics and Challenges

海岸带作为海陆交汇地带,存在资源开发强度大,生态环境脆弱,资源竞争性利用矛盾突出等问题。科学的海岸带管理政策是实现海岸带可持续发展的重要保障。基于1979-2021年中国出台的65份海岸带管理政策文本,运用词频分析法,探究海岸带管理政策的演进及特征。研究发现,中国海岸带管理政策演进分为3个阶段:以开发为中心的行业性政策管理期(1979-1995年)、开发保护统筹规划的综合管理政策出现期(1996-2014年)、陆海统筹的综合管理政策发展期(2015年至今)。在政策演进过程中,总体表现出综合管理理念深化的发展趋向,兼具逐步重视生态环境综合治理、愈发关注空间布局优化等特征。为实现更高层次的海岸带综合管理发展目标,中国还面临着综合法律出台、综合协调机构建设等诸多挑战,应采取合理措施以应对这些挑战。

As a transitional zone between land and sea,the coastal zone faces various challenges such as intense resource development,fragile ecological environment,and prominent conflicts arising from competitive resource utilization.Scientific coastal zone management policies are important guarantees for achieving sustainable development in coastal zone.In this paper,based on 65 coastal zone management policies issued by China from 1979 to 2021,word frequency analysis was used to explore the evolution and characteristics of coastal zone management policies.The results showed that the evolution of China's coastal zone management policies is divided into three stages:the period of industrial policy management centered on development(1979-1995),the period of the emergence of comprehensive management policy based on overall planning for development and protection(1996-2014),and the period of development of comprehensive management policy development guided by the concept of land-and-sea integration(2015-).In the process of policy evolution,the general trend of deepening the concept of integrated management is very obvious.The characteristics of gradually attaching importance to comprehensive governance of the ecological environment and paying more attention to spatial layout optimization have also been shown.In order to achieve higher-level goals in the development of integrated coastal zone management,China also faces numerous challenges such as the enactment of comprehensive laws and the construction of integrated coordination institutions.In the future,reasonable measures should be taken to address these challenges.