铜铅混合精矿硫酸预氧化-浮选分离参数优化试验研究

Experimental Study on Optimization of H_(2)SO_(4) Pretreatment-Flotation Separation Parameters for Copper-lead Bulk Concentrate

方铅矿与黄铜矿的分离一直是选矿领域的难点,使用硫酸预氧化可选择性抑制方铅矿表面可浮性,使得两种矿物可浮性产生差异,实现浮选分离。针对铜铅混合精矿硫酸预氧化-浮选分离工艺进行了系统的参数优化。首先,利用单因素试验,分析了预氧化硫酸浓度、温度、时间等关键因素对铜铅混合精矿浮选分离效果的影响;其次,利用正交试验分析,建立了预氧化过程中各影响因素与浮选指标之间的数学模型;通过模型求解,得到最佳预氧化条件为硫酸浓度5 mol/L、时间40 min、温度100℃。最后在上述条件下进行了混合精矿预氧化-浮选闭路试验,获得了铜精矿Cu品位18.03%,Cu回收率94.52%;铅精矿Pb品位47.12%,Pb回收率为91.29%的良好指标,铜铅分离效果显著,对铜铅硫化混合精矿的浮选高效分离提供了一定的借鉴。

The separation of galena and chalcopyrite has always been a difficult point in the field of mineral processing.The use of sulfuric acid pre-oxidation can selectively inhibit the surface floatability of the lead mineral,so that the floatability of the two minerals is different,and the flotation separation is realized.In this study,the parameters of sulfuric acid pre-oxidation-flotation separation process for a copper-lead bulk concentrate were systematically optimized.Firstly,the effects of key factors such as pre-oxidized sulfuric acid concentration,temperature and time on the flotation of copper-lead bulk concentrate were analyzed by single factor test.Secondly,the mathematical model between the influencing factors and the flotation index in the pre-oxidation process was established by using the orthogonal test analysis method.By solving the model,the optimal pre-oxidation conditions were obtained as follows:sulfuric acid concentration 5 mol/L,time 40 min,temperature 100°C.Finally,a locked-cycle test of pre-oxidation-flotation of the bulk concentrate was carried out under the above conditions,and a copper concentrate with Cu grade of 18.03% and Cu recovery of 94.52% was obtained.The lead concentrate has a good index of Pb grade of 47.12% and Pb recovery of 91.29%.The separation effect of copper and lead is remarkable,which provides a certain reference for the efficient flotation separation of copper-lead sulfide bulk concentrate.