从足球劳动争议司法实践看中国足球仲裁的确立

Establishment of Football Arbitration in China:An Analysis Based on the Judicial Practice of Football Labor Disputes

我国足球劳动争议的解决面临着两难的境地。一方面,新修订的《中华人民共和国体育法》虽推动了体育仲裁制度的落地,但其明确将劳动争议排除在体育仲裁范围外,而能够受理足球劳动争议的足协内部争端解决机构并非体育仲裁机构;另一方面,有权处理劳动争议的劳动仲裁委员会和法院不存在适用行业规则取代劳动立法的空间,无力解决此类行业争议中的特殊问题。秉承行业自治理念,我国法院在司法实践中以全国单项体育协会具有行业管理权为由拒绝受理。作为属人法的体现,业内争议解决机制乃是行业自治的有机组成。由此法院的态度发生根本性的转变,为中国足球仲裁的确立提供契机。然而中国足球仲裁之证成亟待明确其存在的正当性,并处理好与国内劳动仲裁、国际足联争端解决机制之间的关系。为构建具有中国特色的足球争端解决机制,亦有必要从内部治理、仲裁员选任、裁决的法律适用以及透明度等方面加以改进。

The settlement of football labour disputes in China is facing a dilemma.On the one hand,although the newly amended Sports Law of the People's Republic of China promotes the sports arbitration system,it explicitly excludes labor disputes from the scope of sports arbitration.While the internal dispute resolution institution of the Football Association that is able to accept football labor disputes is not a sports arbitration body;on the other hand,labor arbitration committees and courts with the authority to deal with labor disputes do not have the right to apply the rules of the industry in lieu of the labor legislation,and are incapable of solving the special problems in such industrial disputes.Adhering to the philosophy of industrial autonomy,courts have begun to refuse acceptance on the grounds that the National Sports Association has industry management power.As a manifestation of personal law,the industry's dispute resolution mechanism is an integral part of the industrial autonomy.As a result,the court's attitude has undergone a fundamental change,providing an opportunity for the establishment of Chinese football arbitration.However,the justification of Chinese football arbitration needs to clarify the legitimacy of its existence and address the relationship with domestic labor arbitration and dispute settlement mechanisms of FIFA.In order to build a football dispute solution mechanism with Chinese characteristics,it is also necessary to make improvements from the aspects of internal governance,arbitrators'selection,ruling law and transparency of awards.